初中英语语法一．名词I.名词的种类：专有名词国名地名人名，团体1.普通名词机构名称不可数名词可数名词个体名词抽象名词集体名词物质名词名词的数：II.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加法与读音规则列表如下：-s或-es。现将构成方规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days结尾的名词后加-es2以s,x,ch,shclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes或-f以结尾-fe3的词为v-es再加变-f和-feleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为4i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有5结尾的，加名词以y-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys以辅音字母加6结尾-o的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-smonth-months,truth-truths,mouth-mouths,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：1．规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,激n,3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文),),brains(外表头脑智力件报纸),looks(青菜)greens(7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西1.'s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加'stheboy'sfather,Jack'sbook,herson-in-law'sphoto,复数名词一般在末尾加'theteachers'room,thetwins'mother,不规则复数名词后加'sthechildren'stoys,women'srights,结尾的人名所有格加's或者'以sDickens'novels,Charles'sjob,theSmiths'house,表示各自的所有关系时各名词末尾均须加'sJapan'sandAmerica'sproblems,Jane'sandMary'sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加'sJapanandAmerica'sproblems,JaneandMary'sfather表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格tailor's,mythethedoctor's,thebarber's,后名词省略uncle's2.'s所有格的用法：１表示时间today'snewspaper,fiveweeks'holiday2表示自然现象theearth'satmosphere,thetree'sbranches3表示国家城市等地方的名词thecountry'splan,theworld'spopulation,China'sindustry4表示工作群体theship'screw,majority'sview,theteam'svictory5表示度量衡及价值amile'sjourney,fivedollars'worthofapples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife'stime,theplay'splot7某些固定词组abird'seyeview,astone'sthrow,atone'swit's不知所措)end(3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词：thestruggleoftheoppressed二．冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a,an），定冠词（the），和零...