专题16阅读理解考点3说明文(-)(2022.新疆•中考真题)WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaifbrexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather^name,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood（成年礼）.Womenwouldgettheircourtesynamesaftergettingmarried.One'scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone'sgivenname.Forexample,thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean"carriage（马车］.ZhugeLiang'sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans“verybright”.42.Howmanypartsarethereinpeople'snamesinancientChina?A.3.B,4.C.5.D.6.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"courtesy“inParagraph2meaninChinese?A.名B.姓氏C.字D.昵称Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?A.Toshowtheirlove.B.Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.C.Toshowtheirkindness.D.Toshowtheirrespect.D.ToshowDarwin'sinfluenceonnaturalscience.【答案】34.AC---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---35.BD【解析】【导语】本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。34.细节理解题。根据第一段"hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn'tbeadoctor99可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。应选A。35.细节理解题。根据第二段“DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor”可知，达尔文在"小猎户号"船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。应选C。36.推理判断题。根据"hehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals”可知,他对学习自然世界感兴趣。根据"oneofDarwin'suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据“hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited”可知,他在岛上研究植物和动物。根据"WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain”可知，他叵I到英国。根据“hewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans”可知，他认为群众不会支持他的想法。根据"Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c一e一f-a一b一d。故选Bo37.推理判断题。根据最后一段"DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学。可推断最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。应选D。（七）（2022.广东广州•中考真题）本文主要介绍了吹糖人这种传统艺术，讲述了传承人熊川发吹糖人的过程，并因此技能吸引了许多大学生，他希望自己能将这种传统文化继续传承下去。28.细节理解题。根据“WhenXiongChuanfa,34,blowsalifeliketigeroutofsugarinjustminutes”可知，他今年34岁，应选B。29.推理判断题。根据"People,especiallylittlekids,areinterestedinhisskills"及"healsostopsbycolleges”可知，在大学表演这种艺术是为了吸引年轻人接近这种传统艺术，应选A。30.推理判断题。根据"Iloveit.Chin...