05-theroleofoperas戏曲的作用A:Inhisbook,Chinesecharacteristics,whichwaswrittenmorethan100yearsago,A.H.SmithsaidthatChinesepeoplelikedopera.Tothem,operawastheonlyentertainment,likesportsfortheBritishandbullfightingfortheSpaniards.B:InatraditionalChinesesociety,operawasusedasavehicletospreadknowledgeandethicalteachings.Mostoperaswerebasedonhistoricalevents,folklore,orclassicalnovels.Theypromotedtraditionalvaluesandmoralprinciples,suchaspunishingevilandeulogizingthegood,loyaltyandkindness;andthedenunciationoftheungrateful.Operaswereabletofillthegapsineducationandteaching,especiallyinanagriculturalsociety.A:Operafanswereliketoday'spopularmusicfans.Theyenjoyedsingingthearias.B:TheDowagerEmpressCixioftheQingDynastywasasuperoperafan.Sheoftenhadoperatroupesperformforherinthecourt.ThisiswhyPekingOperaovertookallotherfolkoperasandbecameanationalentertainment.Itwassaidthattheempresswasdeeplyinfluencedbytheteachingsoftheoperas,especiallythoserelatingtogratitude.A:Iknowshewouldpardonanyonetowhomshefeltindebted,regardlessoftheirmistakes.B:That'sright.SomehistoriansevensuggestthatwhensheengagedtheBoxerstofightagainsttheWesterners.,shewasundertheillusiontheywereinvincible.Shegotthenotionfromtheoperasthattheycouldnotbehurtbybullets.Ofcourse,shewaswrongandtheBoxerswerequicklydefeatedbytheWesterners.A:Well,ifoperashadsomuchinfluenceontheDowagerEmpress,Ithinkitwouldbeevenmoresoonordinarypeople.SincePekingOperaisnolongeraspopularasitwas.,doesitstillhaveaninfluenceonpeople?B:Now,itisTV.SinceeveryhouseholdhasaTV，itsinfluenceshouldnotbeunderestimated.TherewasapopularKoreanTVdramanotlongago,whichcaptivatedtheaudiencebyitscostumesandfood.Asaresult,somestudiosinBei激ngbegantakingphotoportraitsinKoreancostumesandsomerestaurantsintroducedsimilarKoreanfood.A:Now,IunderstandwhythegovernmentdiscouragesTVhostsfromimitatingHongkongandTaiwanaccents.ItalsoexplainswhyTVstationsareforbiddenfromairingprogramsaboutadulteryandotherunethicaltopics.---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---B:That'scorrect.Chinahasbeenexperiencinganincreasinglyhighdivorceratewhereadulteryiscitedasamainreason.BackgroundReading背景阅读PekingOpera京剧PekingOperaisatheatricalartthatincorporatessinging,dancing,actingandacrobatics.ButwhatweseeonthePekingoperastagedoesnotimitatereallife.Forexample,Pekingoperausesspecialimageryinthecreationofcharacters．Allrolesareclassifiedaccordingtosex,personality，age，professionandsocialstatus．HangdangisthegeneraltermforroletypesinPeking0pera．TherearefourtypesofroleinPekingoperatoday，namely，thesheng(malerole),dan(femalerole)，激ng(paintedface)andchou(clown).Theshengisthemaleprotagonist，thedanthefemaleprotagonist，the激ngamalesupportingfigurewithdistinctcharacteristics．Andchouacomicornegativefigureorfoilfortheprotagonist.ThefourroletypesarearesultofthelargevarietyofrolesfromearlierstagesinthehistoryofPekingOoperabeingcombinedandreduced．Thefourbasicroletypeshavetheirsubdivisions，eachwithitsownspecialtiesandtechniques．Forexample，theshengroleisdividedintoelderly(1aosheng),young(xiaosheng)，military(wusheng)，red-faced(hongsheng)andyoungboy(wawasheng)roles,andtheelderlymalerolecanbefurtherdividedintosinging，actingandmartiallaoshengroles,andsoon.Theroletypescoverallthecharactersonstage，andeveryactororactressspecializesinaparticularroletype．Basedonthero...