发表论文的策略和手段ThepoliticsofpublicationPETERA.LAWRENCEPeterLawrenceisattheMRCLaboratoryofMolecularBiology,CambridgeCB22QH,UKe-mail:pal@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.HehaseditedthejournalDevelopmentsince1976,servedontheeditorialboardofCellandEMBOJ.,authoredmanypapersandreviewedmanymore・Authors,reviewersandeditorsmustacttoprotectthequalityofresearch.Listen.Allovertheworldscientistsarefretting.ItisnightinLondonandDeborahDormouseisunabletosleep・Shecan'tdecidewhether;afterfourweeksofanxiouswaiting,itwouldbecounterproductivetocallaNatureeditorabouthermanuscript・InthesunlightinSydney,WayneWombatisfuriousthathisstudent^wasrejectedbyScienceandistakingrevengeonsimilarworkheisreviewingforCell.InSanDiego,MelissaMariposareadsthathersubmittedtoCurrentBiologywillbereconsidered,butonlyifitiscutinhalf.Againstherbetterjudgement,shesteelsherselftothrowoutsomekeydataandoversimplifytheconclusions—herpostdocneedsthisjournalonhisCVorhewillloseapointintheSpanishleague,andthatjobinMadridwillgoinsteadtoMarMaradona・Thedecisionaboutpublicationofapaperistheresultofinteractionbetweenauthors,editorsandreviewers・Scientistsareincreasinglydesperatetopublishinafewtopjournalsandarewastingtimeandenergymanipulatingtheirmanuscriptsandcouitingeditors.Asaresult,theobjectivepresentationofwork,theaccessibilityofsandthequalityofresearchitselfarebeingcompromised・OnemaincauseThesetrendsarefuelledbytheincreasingpressureinbiomedicalsciencetopublishintheleadingjournals・Evenourlanguagereflectsthisobsession—wesaythat激mJargondidwellasagraduatestudentbecausehepublisheda"Cellpaper1*,illustratingthatwenowcoiisiderthejournaltobemoreimportantthanthescientificmessage.Ifwepublishinatopjournalwehavearrived，ifwedoiYtwehaven't.Whyhasthishappened?Itispartlybecause,ratherthanassessingtheresearchitself,thosewhodistributethemoneyandpositionsnowevaluatescientistsbyperformanceindicators(itismucheasiertototupsomefiguresthantothinkseriouslyaboutwhatapersonhasachieved).Managersarestealingpowerfromscientistsandbuildinganaccountabilityculturethat"aimsatevermoreperfectadministrativecontrolofinstitutionalandprofessionallifeT・Theresultisan"auditsocietyH2,inwhicheachindicatorisinvestedwithaspeciousaccuracyandbecomesanendinitself.Evaluationsofscientistsdependonnumbersofpapers,positionsinlistsofauthors,andjournals1impactfactors.InJapan,Spainandelsewhere,suchassessmentshavereachedformulaicprecision.Butbureaucratsarenotwhollyresponsibleforthesechanges一wescientistshaveenthusiasticallycolluded.Whatbeganassomeoneelse*smeasurehasbecomeour(own)goal.Althoughtherearegoodreasonsforpublishingpaperswhere(heyaremorelikelytoberead,whenwegivethejournalpriorityoverthescienceweturnourselvesintophilistinesinourownworld.Somescientistsrealizethis,butwhyhavemosttakenupthejournalchasesoenthusiastically?Ithastodowithbothpsychologyandcareerism.Youngresearchersseeapaperinagoodjournalastheirinitiationintothescientificelite.Theestablishedseekpublicationinleadingjournalstocertifytheirhighopinionofthemselves.Allarelearningthatbuildingcapitalinthehardcurrencyoftheauditsocietycanbesaferandeasierthanfoundingareputationondiscoveries.Anotherfactoristhatcontemporarysocietyhasa---本文于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---crazeforpublicity,towhichscientistsarenotimmune.Manyaregratifiedtofindthemselvesortheirworkreported(accuratelyornot)inthemedi...