中国的国家赔偿制度（英）StateCompensationSystemThestate,underthissystem,isrequiredtocompensatefordamagesithascausedthroughinfringementofcitizens’rights.2oftheLawonStateCompensation,passedonMay12,1994bytheEighthNationalPeople’sCongressstates,Citizens,legalpersonsorotherorganizationshavetherighttoseekcompensationfromthestateifstateorgansandofficeholdersabusetheirpowerandinfringeupontheirlawfulrightsandinterestsandhavecauseddamagesthereof.TheStateCompensationLawspecifiestwokindsofcompensation:administrativeandcriminal.AdministrativeCompensationThestateshouldassumetheresponsibilityofcompensationifgovernmentofficesortheirstaffabusetheirpowerandinfringeuponthelawfulrightsandinterestsofcitizens,legalpersonsorotherorganizationsandhavecauseddamagesthereof.Administrativecompensationistheprimarycomponentofstatecompensation.1.ScopeofCompensations3and4oftheStateCompensationLawspecifiesthescopeofcompensation:Unlawfullydetaincitizensoradoptunlawfuladministrative,forcefulmeasurestorestrictcitizens’corporalfreedom;Unlawfullyincarceratecitizensoradoptothermeasuresdeprivingcitizensoftheircorporalfreedom;Useviolentmeanssuchasbatteringorinduceotherstouseviolentmeanssuchasbatteringthathascausedphysicalinjuriesordeathtocitizens;Abuseweaponsorpolicedevicesandhavecausedphysicalinjuriesordeathtocitizens;Otherunlawfulactsthathavecausedphysicalinjuriesordeathtocitizens;Abuseadministrativepenaltiessuchasimposingfines,revokinglicensesorpermits,orderingsuspensionofbusinessorconfiscationofproperty;Abuseadministrativemeasuressuchassequestrating,detainingorfreezingproperty;Abusegovernmentregulationsinexpropriatingpropertyorlevyingfees;Otherunlawfulactsthathavecausedpropertydamagestocitizens.5oftheStateCompensationLawalsospecifiesanumberofsituationswherethestatedoesnotassumetheresponsibilityforcompensation:Personalactsbygovernmentemployeesunrelatedtotheexerciseoftheirduties;Damagescausedbyactscommittedbycitizens,legalpersonsorotherorganizationsthemselves;andOthersituationsasprovidedforinthela2.CompensationBodyTheStateCompensationLawprovidesforthefollowingwaysfordefiningresponsibilityofcompensation:Ifdamageisdonebyagovernmentofficeoritsstaff,thentheofficeshouldassumetheresponsibilityforcompensation;Ifdamageisdonebymorethantwogovernmentoffices,thenalltheofficesinvolvedshouldjointlyassumetheresponsibilityforcompensation;Ifdamageisdonebyorganizationsunderauthorizationoflawsandregulations,thentheauthorizedorganizationsshouldassumetheresponsibilityforcompensation;Ifdamageisdonebyorganizationsorindividualsauthorizedbygovernmentbodiesintheexerciseofauthorizedpowers,thentheauthorizingbodiesshouldassumetheresponsibilityforcompensation;Ifthegovernmentbodyresponsibleforcompensationnolongerexists,thenitssucceedingbodyshouldassumetheresponsibilityforcompensation;ifnosuchsucceedingbodyexists,thentheadministrativebodythateliminatesthebodyresponsibleforcompensationshouldassumethatresponsibility;Ifdamageisawardedbyanadministrativereconsiderationbody,thentheoriginalbodythatcausesthedamageshouldbeheldresponsibleforcompensation;however,ifthereconsiderationdecisionhasaggravatedthedamagedone,thenthereconsiderationbodyshouldassumeresponsibilityforcompensationfortheaggravatedpart.Claimantsofadministrativecompensationshouldfirstfiletheirclaimwiththeadministrativebodyresponsibleforcompensation;theymayalsoraisetheirclaimwhileapp...