中国芸薹属植物的起源、演化与散布1王建林何燕栾运芳大次卓嘎张永青（西藏农牧学院农学系林芝860000）摘要：芸薹属BrassicaL植物是十字花科Brassicaceae芸薹族Brassiceae的骨干大属。现已知中国芸薹属植物有15种、11变种及1变型。本文详细比较了芸薹属与其外类群白花菜科Capparaceae15个形态特征，认为芸薹属植物形态的演化路线可能为：基生叶叶型全缘→大头羽裂，基生叶叶柄长→短，茎生叶有柄→无柄→抱茎，染色体数n＝8、9、10→17，18，19，植株叶面有毛→无毛，花粉壁纹饰网纹→拟脑纹－网状→穴－网状，花瓣不具明显爪→具长爪，种子褐色→棕色，花粉孔沟类型三沟→三、四沟，花序顶生成伞房状→不成伞房状，角果线性不成念珠状→皱缩成念珠状，花粉形态长球状→近球状或球形，种子近种脐处有明显窠穴→无明显窠穴，种子球形→凸球形或卵形。在此基础上，将中国芸薹属植物划分为白菜组SectPekinensis、芥菜组SectJuncea、甘蓝组SectOleracea三个类群，其中白菜组最原始、芥菜组较进化，甘蓝组进化程度最高，并结合中国芸薹属植物野生种与栽培种的分布与古气候及地质资料，提出中国芸薹属植物是本土起源的，其起源中心和现代分布中心在以藏东南横断山脉及藏南河谷一带为主体的我国青藏高原及其周边地区。此外，还讨论了中国芸薹属植物可能的扩散途径。关键词：芸薹属；起源；演化；散布；中国ASTUDYONORIGIN,EVOLUTIONANDSPREADOFBRASSICAINCHINAWang激an－linHeYanLuanYun－fangDacizhuogaZhangYun-qin(DepartmentofAgronomy,TibetAgriculturalandAnimalHusbandryCollege,Linzhi,86000)Abstract:ThereareaboutfortyspeciesofBrassicaintheworld,ofwhichfifteenaredistributedinChina,abouttheorigin,evolutionandspreadofBrassicaplantsarediscussed.ForsomeimportantproblemsaboutthesystematicsofBrassicainChina,theauthorproposeshispointofvieThemainconclusionareasfollow:（1）TheevolutionofBrassica:AnevolutionarylineofformofBrassicainChinaisproposedbasedoncompartmentbetweenBrassicaandCapparaceaeisthatSect.Pekinensissect.JunceaSect.Oleracea.TheearliestplantofSect.PekinensisisisB.parachinensis,buttheearliestplantofSect.JunceaisB.integrifolia(west)OE.Schulz.DuringtheevolutionofBrassicainChina,thechangesofleaves,petals,seedspolleumorphology,typeofaperture,sculptureofexineareobvious,whichareimportantintheevolutionofBrassica.（2）Thedistributionofspecies:TheBrassicaarewidelydistributedthroughouttheHuangheRiverCorridorandChang激angRiverCorridorandWesternMountainRegionofChina.ButthealmostspeciesofBrassicainChinaaredistributedinQinghai-xizangPlateauandits,aroundRegion.TheresultofstudyshowthatWesternRegionofChinaisvarietiedcentreofBrassicainChina,itmightbeconcludedthatChinaisoneoftheoriginalcentresforBrassica,andChineseBrassicadidnotcomefromtheMediterranean.（3）Theoriginandspread:TheanalysisofdistributionpatternofspeciesshowthattheRegionisprobablytheplaceoforiginofthegenus.Aboutfourmigrationroutesleadtothepresentdistributionpattern.（a）FromTibet,SouthernRiverValleyandHengduanMountainNortheastarosstheQilianMountaintowestoftheHuangheCorridorandTianshanMountain;（b）FromTibet,SouthernRiverValleyandHengduanMountainNortheastacrossGansu,Ningxia,Shanxi,Hebei,toNortheastpartofChina;（c）FromTibet,SouthernRiverValleyandHengduanMountainsoutheastacrossSichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,alongtheChang激1国家自然科学基金（30360055）第一作者王建林，男，汉族，36岁，副教授，主要从事农业生态方面的教学与研究工作---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---angRivertoGuangdong,Taiwanprovinces;（d）FromTibet,SouthernRiverValleyandHengduanMountainWesterntotheHimalayasRegion.Keywords:Brassica;Origin;Evolu...