WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究:五行学说部分【关键词】语言学科学术语翻译英语中医名词五行学说Keywords:linguistics;terminology;translation;English;terms,traditionalChinesemedicine;fiveelementstheory《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》[1]中,一共收录了51条有关五行学说的术语,“世界中医药学会联合会”(以下简称世中联)的标准《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》[2]中则收录了103条。这些术语的翻译与通行译法基本一致,如将木、火、土、金、水译为wood,fire,earth,metal,water。但一些关键词语的翻译却多参照海外译法而行,如将“五行”译为fivephases(同时也罗列出了fiveelements这一通行译法),将“生”译作engender,将“乘”译作overwhelming,将“侮”译作rebellion。将“克”译作restrain,倒与通行译法相近。下面试结合“世中联”的标准,对WHO方案中有关五行学说主要概念的翻译问题加以分析比较。五行fivephases-thefivephases:wood,fire,earth,metalandwater,andtheirmovementsandchanges,alsoknownas---本文来源于网络,仅供参考,勿照抄,如有侵权请联系删除---fiveelements.木wood-oneofthefivephases,withwhichtheseasonspring,thecolorblueorgreen,thetastesourness,andtheliverandgallbladderinthebodyareassociated.火fire-oneofthefivephases,withwhichtheseasonsummer,thecolorred,thetastebitterness,andtheheartandsmallintestineinthebodyareassociated.土earth-oneofthefivephases,withwhichtheseasonoflatesummer,thecoloryellow,thetastesweetness,andthespleenandstomachinthebodyareassociated.金metal-oneofthefivephases,withwhichtheseasonautumn,thecolorwhite,thetasteacriditypungent,andthelungandlargeintestineinthebodyareassociated.水water-(1)oneofthefivephases,withwhichtheseasonwinter,thecolorblack,thetastesaltiness,andthekidneyandbladderinthebodyareassociated;(2)pathologicaspectofbodyfluid.---本文来源于网络,仅供参考,勿照抄,如有侵权请联系删除---“五行”一般有3种译法:fiveelements,fivephases,wuxing。从目前的使用情况来看,fiveelements最为流行,且有约定俗成之势,值得采用。“世中联”的标准中就是将fiveelements作为首选译语,这与WHO的做法刚好相反。“五行”中的“木、火、土、金、水”一般直译为wood,fire,earth,metal,water。对于“木”的翻译,以前也有过不同的意见。比如有的人认为,wood指木材,意即砍倒的树木;而“五行”的“木”则是指生长中的“树木”,所以建议用tree来翻译“木”。其实wood在英语中并不一定就是指经过加工的木材。朗文当代高级英语辞典(LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish)给wood下的第一个定义就是“thematerialofwhichtrunksandbranchesoftreesaremade,whichiscutanddriedinvariousformsformakingmaterial,forburning,formakingpaperorfurniture,etc.”(构成树木主干和枝节的材料,可以用不同的方式砍倒和晾干,用以制作材料、燃料、纸张或家具等)。五行归类categorizationaccordingtothefivephases-classificationofmaterialthingsandphenomenaintofivecategoriesbycomparingtheirstructures,propertiesand---本文来源于网络,仅供参考,勿照抄,如有侵权请联系删除---actionswiththefivephases.在“世中联”的标准中,无“五行归类”一词,但有“别异比类”,译作analogy。所谓“别异比类”,大约指的是中医学中“取象比类”吧。相生engendering-therelationshipinwhicheachphaseanditsassociatedphenomenagiverisetoorpromoteanothersequentialphase,alsothesameasgenerating.木生火woodengendersfire-thecategoryofwoodgeneratesorpromotesthecategoryoffire,alsothesameaswoodgeneratingfire.火生土fireengendersearth-thecategoryoffiregeneratesorpromotesthecategoryofearth,alsocalledfiregeneratingearth.土生金earthe...