iBT托福考试阅读解题攻略大全一.准备知识1.iBT托福阅读理解的形式特点(1)文章数量:3-5篇(和听力相对应:3篇阅读,9个听力段子或5篇阅读,6个听力段子)(2)文章长度:650-750词/篇(3)题目数量:12-14个/篇(每篇有一个多选,形式为6选3,7选5或9选7)(4)测试时间:20分钟/篇(5)测试分数:0-30分(由原始分42分换算到标准分30分)2.iBT托福阅读的考察重点(1)主题:辨析文章的主要观点,并与局部小观点区分;辨析段落主题.(注:所有文章都有标题)(2)细节:概括性信息的把握并判别具体信息的真伪----TRUE?FALSE?NOTGIVEN?GeneralstatementideasSomedetails(3)词汇:辨析词汇和短语的含义,并通过上下文推断某些词汇和短语的含义:认知(一词多义);词汇推断(4)推断:根据上下文推断出隐藏的信息(5)态度:根据文章描述判断作者意图和态度:WHY目的;HOW手段.(6)结构:判断句子和句子之间的逻辑关系,并确定段落的结构托福阅读是以句子为核心的3.阅读的本质:(1)获取有效信息(2)消除阅读障碍4.文章结构特点(1)文章主体分为结构主体和细节主体.Ø结构主体(支撑):主题段(文章的前几段)和主题句(每段的前几句).Ø细节主体(填充)(2)文章具体结构如下:ØIntro:background(细节)&topic(结构)ØBody:sub-topic(结构),analysis(细节)&evidence(细节)ØConclusion:topic(结构)二.阅读方法1.精读----句子结构分析和解析方法(1)句子阅读中的障碍1)定语Ø前置定语:adj+nØ后置定语:n+adjphrase形容词短语:abookusefulforyouprepphrase介词短语:apenonthedeskv-ing/-edphrase分词短语:apersonwalkingontheroad;atooldevelopedfortheproject不定式:awaytosolvetheproblem注:²分词短语作后置定语时,其逻辑主语是其修饰的名词²不定代词只能用后置定语修饰²不定式作后置定语其逻辑主语是第三方:sbusethewaytosolvetheproblemØ定语从句:²关系代词引导定语从句:that,which,who,whom,whose(其中that,which,who,whom引导的是非完整句,whose引导的是完整句)²关系连词:when,where,why在句子中不作成分,引导的是完整句²介词+关系代词:inwhich,此关系代词不包括what2)同位语:同插入语一样处理----删除ØA,B(定语从句/同位语从句)ØA,orBØAthat+句子(完整句)ØAofB:thecityofBeijing1)括号匹配Ø……关联词(完整句)Ø……(关联词+非完整句)2)划右括号的条件:Ø句子终结Ø连接句子的并列连词或标点符号之前例1:However,formanyyearsphysiciststhoughtthat(atomandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneously)andthat(stimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker)例2:Itappearedthat〔Canadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamilies(thathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution)〕.例3:Thehistoryofclinicalnutrition,orthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstances(同位语,删除),canbedividedintofourdistincteras:thefirstbeganinthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcentury(whenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttimethat(foodcontainedconstituents(thatwereessentialforhumanfunction))andthat(differentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents).例4:Usingtechniquesfirstdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP’sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger(同位语，删除),wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwater,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.例5:ThedesperateplightoftheSouthhaseclipsedthefactthat(reconstructionhadtobeundertakenalsoinNorth,thoughlessspectacularly).例6:Thetechniqueofdirectcarvingwasabreakwiththenineteenthcenturyinwhich(themakingofaclaymodelwasconsideredthecreativeact)and(theworkwasthenturnedovertostudioassistanttobecastinplasterorbronzeorcarvedinmarble).例7:Anyone(whohashandleafossilizedbone)knowsthat(itisusuallynotexactlylikeitsmoderncounterpart),themostobvi...