中英文禁忌语言的对比研究AComparativeStudyonChineseandEnglishLinguisticTaboo内容摘要语言是人们在活动过程中产生和发展起来的一种社交工具，其功能就是沟通信息，但在特定的语言行为中，却被赋予了它自身所没有的超人的感觉和超人的力量。社会成员竟认为语言本身能给人类带来某种吉祥或不幸，人为地设置了种种语言禁区。他们相信谁要是违背这些语言禁忌，谁就会受到应有的惩罚。反之，谁要是忠实遵循了语言禁忌的约束，谁就会得到相应的庇护和保佑。语言禁忌存在的历史悠久，它不仅存在于原始社会的迷信时期，还存在于男性主宰的封建时期，也存在于现代人们生活的各个方面，是一种普遍存在的社会现象。在汉英两种语言中，有些忌讳是一致的。中英语言禁忌在语音层面、词汇方面具有相似性。但是由于汉英民族文化背景、意识形态、价值观念等的不同，中英语言禁忌的内容和形式也有一些差异，因此中英语言禁忌在私人话题、数字及命名称谓的方面具有差异性。这些异同往往会给跨文化交际带来一些障碍，为此，有效避免使用禁忌语的方法主要是使用委婉语代替禁忌语，并充分了解异国的文化背景。研究禁忌语言能帮助英语学习者加深英汉两种语言和文化的理解，提高跨文化交际能力，避免交际失败，达到理想的交际效果。关键词：语言禁忌；对比研究；委婉语AbstractLanguage,asthecarrierofculture,iscreatedduringtheprocessofhumanbeings’productivelaborandservesasthetoolofcommunicationtoconveythemessagebetweenpeople.However,ithasbeenendowedwithmagicandpowerinparticularlanguageacts.Astheoldsayinggoes,troublescomeoutofthetongue.Superstitiouspeoplethinkthatthelanguageitselfcanbringaboutfortuneormisfortune,thereforetherestrictionoftheuseoftaboolanguagearecreated.Anyonewhoviolatesthemwillgetpunishment,whereasthosewhofaithfullyobeytherestrictionsoftaboolanguagewillgetprotection.Taboolanguagehasalonghistory.Itexistedinprimitivesuperstitioustimes,feudalpatriarchaltimes,butalsoexistsalmosteveryaspectofpeople'slifeinmoderntimes.AnditisauniversalsocialphenomenoninChinaandBritain.BothChineseandEnglishculturesareinagreementaboutlinguistictaboossuchaspronunciationtaboo,andvocabularytaboo.However,influencedbydifferentculturalbackgrounds,ideologiesandtheconceptsofvalue,ChineseandEnglishlinguistictaboosalsohavedifferencesintheaspectsoftaboosubjects,taboonumbers,namesandliterature.Thesesimilaritieswilloftenbringsomeobstaclestocross-culturalcommunication.Therearetwoeffectivewaysofavoidingtaboo,thatis,usingeuphemismandhavingagoodknowledgeofthetabooculture.ItcanhelpEnglishlearnersimprovetheirabilityofcross-culturalcommunicationandachievebettercommunicationaleffects.KeyWords：linguistictaboo;comparativestudy;euphemismContentsIntroduction.................................................................................................................................11.TheExistenceofLinguisticTaboo.........................................................................................21.1TheOldTimes...............................................................................................................31.2TheModernTimes.........................................................................................................52.TheSimilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglishLinguisticTaboo..........................................62.1Pronunciation.................................................................................................................72.2Vocabulary.....................................................................................................................82.2.1Inelegance...........