中国职务发明纠纷多元解决机制探究

中国职务发明纠纷多元解决机制探究韩威威ExploringDiverseDisputeResolutionMechanismsforServiceInventionsinChinaHanWeiwei(SchoolofIntellectualProperty,EastChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw,Shanghai200042,China)Abstract:TheincreaseinbothserviceinventionsanddisputesonserviceinventionsinChinahasdrawnconsiderablepublicattentiontorelateddisputes,makingeffectiveandefficientdisputeresolutionacritical,note-worthyissue.RelateddisputeresolutionpracticesincivillawjurisdictionssuchasGermanyandFranceandcommonlawjurisdictionssuchastheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomareanalyzed,drawingcomparisonswithcurrentChinesepractices.Efficientresolutionofdisputessurroundingserviceinventionswouldseetheestablishmentofspecializedboardsorcommissionsincitieswheretheintellectualpropertycourtsarelocated.Moreover,thecoordinationofmediation,arbitrationandjudicialproceedingsinsubstanceandprocedureisexpected,sothattheyworkcollectivelytowardssmoothandeffectivedisputeresolutionforserviceinventions.Withthegoalofencouraginginnovation,balancingthebenefitsofemployersandemployees,aswellasrealizingtheestablishmentofaninnovation-orientedcountry,suggestionsonconsolidatingdiversemechanismsincurrentChinesepracticesareadvancedwithreferencestorecentPatentLawamendmentsandtheGuidelinesforAdministrativeMediationConcerningPatentDisputes.Keywords:serviceinvention;employeeinvention;arbitrationproceedings;judicialproceedings;patentdisputesCLC:D915DC:AID:2096-9783(2021)02-0128-131IntroductionEconomicgrowthandinternationalcompetitivenessinanationaleconomyareconditionalupontheimplementationofinventionsintechnologyandcommercialproduction[1].Serviceinventions,alsoknownas"employees'inventions"or"employeeinventions"incertaincountrieslikeGermanyandtheUnitedKingdom,areanintegralpartofanindustrializedcountry.Theyarosewiththearrivalofindustrialism,andexpeditethepaceoftechnologicalinnovations.InmanycountriessuchasGermany,employeeinventionsaccountforamajorityoftheirinventions[2].Seekingtonegotiateabalancebetweenthebenefitsofemployersandemployees,aswellastoencourageinnovation,countrieshavepromulgatedtheirownlegalprovisions.Suchprovisionsprescribetheownershipofemployeeinventions,remunerationforemployeeinventions,andproceedingsforresolvingattendantdisputes,amongothers.Itisknownthattheownershipofemployeeinventionsisacriticalissueandcloselyrelatedtotheindividualcontribution(s)ofanemployerandanemployee[3].InChina,thePatentLawandtheImplementingRegulationsthereofmakeprovisionsforserviceinventions.61and162oftheformeraddress,respectively,ownershipofemployees'inventionsaswellastherewardandremunerationforserviceinventions.SpecificmannersforcalculatingtherewardorremunerationareillustratedinRules76-78ofthelatter.Apartfromthemechanismforrewardandremunerationcontainedinlegalregulations,innovationisalsoincentivizedbynationalorregionalpolicy.AninnovativeenvironmentinChina,includingtherewardandremunerationforserviceinventions,thepolicyofencouraginginnovation,andtherealizationofthevalueofintellectualproperty,amongothers,hasseenanincreaseinthenumberofpatentsbasedonserviceinvention.Theproportionofsuchservice-inventionpatentsaspartofthetotalamountofpatentsgrantedhasalsoincreased.Particularattentionhasbeenpaidtotheamountofinventionpatentsbasedonserviceinventions(referredtoas"service-inventionpatents"hereinafter)andtheir...

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