福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)JournalofFu激anAgricultureandForestryUniversity(NaturalScienceEdition)退化红壤恢复过程中灌木层主要种群的生态位蓝良就J黄炎和李德成'，林金石2(1•福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建福州350002；2,福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建福州350002；3.中国科学院南京土壤研究所，江苏南京210008)摘要:对闽西退化红壤采取种植乔木(P2)、牧草(PJ、灌木(巳)3种治理措施,以及对侵蚀对照地(P,)、次生林对照地(P5)的灌木层种群数量、生杰位进行了研究.结果表明,3种治理措施不同程度提高了灌木层的物种丰富度.黄梔子、梅叶冬青、木蜡树、马尾松等Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度(B(.”)超过0.5；多数种群生态位宽度较小，其中60.38%的种群仅占据1个资源=0)，多数仅分布于次生林，表明侵蚀地与治理林地资源状态与次生林有较大差距，未能满足演替中后期植物生长的需要.种群PianX生态位重叠值(N0J与种对的生态位宽度、占据的资源位及相遇几率、重要值及其分布格局存在复杂的非线性关系•广生态位种对的重叠值普遍较高(NO*>0.5)，狭生态位种对重叠值普遍较小(N0“<0.3)，其余类型生态位种对重叠值为0・1・关僅词：退化红壤；生态恢复；生态位：Q948.2文献标识码：A：1671-5470(2012)02-017607NicheofdominantpopulationsintheshrublayerofrestoredcommunitiesindegradedredsoilLANLiang-激u1,HUANGYan-heb\UDe-cheng3,LIN激n-shi2(1・CollegeofLifeSciences,Fu激anAgricultureandForestryUniversitytFuzhou,Fu激an350002,China；2.CollegeofResourceandEnvironmentSciencesfFu激anAgricultureandForestryUniversityfFuzhou,Fu激an350002,China；3.InstituteofSoilSciencetChineseAcademyofSciences,Nan激ng9激angsu210008,China)Abstract:TTiequantityandnichecharacteristicsofpopulationsintheshrublayeroffivecommunitiesatdifferentsuccessionalstageswereresearched.Threemeasureswereusedtopromoteforestrestorationsuchastreeplanting(P2),grassplanting(P3)andshrubplanting(P4)inthedegradedredsoilregionofwesternFu激anProvince.Thetwocontrolplots,unrestoredregion(P,)andsecondaryforest(Ps)wereleftundisturbed・Hieresultsshowedthatalltheartificiallyaidedrestorationpatternsshowedvaryingdegreesofspeciesdiversityimprovementoverthecontrol(P|)group.Thenichebreadthvalues(B(w)i)measuredbyShannon-Wienerindexofmostpopulationswerenarrow,andthevaluesof60.38%populationswerezero,aseachofthemoccupiedonlyoneresourceandmostofthemonlyoccupiedP3•Inthecontrast.thenichebreadthvaluesofGardeniajasminoidesifIlexasprellatToxicodenddronsylveslreandPinusmassonianawerewide,with■“valuesgreaterthan0.5.ThissuggestedtliattheresourcestatusofP|-P4wasinsufficient,asitwouldnotbecompletelyutilizedforsuccessionpopulations.Therewerecomplexnonlinearrelationshipsbetweenthepopulationnicheoverlapvalue(NO*)measuredbyPiankaindexandthenichebreadth,occupiedresourcenichetprobabilityofmeetingtogetheratsameniche,importantvalue9valuedistributionforspeciespairs9mostofspeciespairshavingwidenichespoe・sessedhighnicheoverlapvalue(NO*>0.5).Allthespeciespairshavingnarrownichespossessedalowernicheoverlapvalue(NO.<0.3)fspeciespairshavingothernichespossessedvariednicheoverlapvalues(from0to1).Keywords：degradedredsoil；vegetationrestoration；niche生态位(niche)主要是指在自然生态系统中一个种群在时间、空间上的位置及其与相关种群之间的功能关系⑴.Grinell最早定义了生态位，此后.Elton.Hutchinson.Odum.刘建国等相继提岀了营养生态位、超体积生态位、扩展生态位理论使得生态位理论得到不断完善与发展，成为现代生态学的核心理论之一,并被广泛应用于生物多样性、种间关系、群落组成及演替等领域的研究，以揭示群落组成、结构、功能及其动态过程的规律•生态位宽度与生态位重叠是生态位理论的主要内容，...