Lesson53Inthepublicinterest为了公众的利益TheScandinaviancountriesaremuchadmiredallovertheworldallovertheworldfortheirenlightenedsocialpolicies.Swedenhasevolvedanexcellentsystemforprotectingtheindividualcitizenfromhigh-handedorincompetentpublicofficers.Thesystemhasworkedsowell,thatithasbeenadoptedinothercountriestoo.TheSwedeswerethefirsttothefirsttorecognizethatpublicofficialslikecivilcivilservantsservants,policeofficers,healthinspectorsortax-collectorstax-collectorscanmakemakemistakesmistakesoractover-zealouslyinthebeliefthatinthebeliefthattheyareservingtheservingthepublicpublic.AslongagoAslongagoas1809,theSwedishParliamentintroducedaschemetosafeguardtheinterestoftheindividual.safeguardtheinterestoftheindividual.AparliamentarycommitteerepresentingallpoliticalpartiesappointsapersonwhoissuitablyqualifiedqualifiedtotoinvestigateprivategrievancesagainsttheState.Theofficialtitleofthepersonis‘Justiteombudsman’,buttheSwedescommonlyrefertohimasrefertohimasthe‘J.O.’or‘Ombudsman’.TheOmbudsmanisnotsubjecttosubjecttopoliticalpressure.Heinvestigatescomplaintslargeandsmalllargeandsmallthatcometocometohimfromallalllevelsofsocietylevelsofsociety.Ascomplaintsmustbemadeinwriting,theOmbudsmanreceivesanaverageofanaverageof1,200lettersayear.Hehaseightlawyerassistantstohelphimandheexamineseverysingleletterindetailindetail.ThereisnothingsecretiveabouttheOmbudsman'swork,forhiscorrespondenceisopentopublicinspection.Ifacitizen'scomplaintisjustified,theOmbudsmanwillactonhisbehalfactonhisbehalf.Theactionhetakesvariesaccordingtoaccordingtothenatureofthecomplaint.Hemaygentlyreprimandanofficialorevensuggesttoparliamentthatalawbealtered.ThefollowingcaseisatypicalexampleoftheOmbudsman'swork.AforeignerlivinginaSwedishvillagewrotetowrotetotheOmbudsmancomplainingthathehadbeenill-treatedbyill-treatedbythepolice,simplybecausehewasaforeigner.TheOmbudsmanimmediatelywrotetowrotetotheChiefofPoliceinthedistrictaskinghimtosendarecordofthecase.Therewasnothingintherecordtoshowthattheforeigner'scomplaintwasjustifiedandtheChiefofPolicestronglydeniedtheaccusation.ItwasimpossibleforItwasimpossiblefortheOmbudsmantotakeactiontakeaction,butwhenhereceivedasimilarcomplaintfromanotherforeignerinthesamevillage,heimmediatelysentoneofhislawyerstoinvestigatethematter.Thelawyerascertainedthatapolicemanhadindeeddealtroughlywithforeignersonseveraloccasionsonseveraloccasions.ThefactthatThefactthatthepolicemanwasprejudicedagainstforeignerscouldnotberecordedintheofficialfiles.ItwasonlypossiblefortheOmbudsmantofindthisoutbysendingoneofhisrepresentativestocheckthefactscheckthefacts.Thepolicemanininquestionquestionwasseverelyreprimandedandwasinformedthatifanyfurthercomplaintswerelodgedagainstlodgedagainsthim,hewouldbeprosecuted.TheOmbudsman'spromptactionpromptactionatonceputanendtoputanendtoanunpleasantpracticewhichmighthavegoneunnoticed.斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行的开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典议会就建立了一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般都管他叫“J．O．”，即...