定语从句概论一、定语从句最重要的两个概念：先行词+关系代词Idon’tlikethepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.先行词是people，关系词（代词+连接作用）二、关系词在定语从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语（动宾/介宾））1.Theworldisabook,andthosewhodonottravelreadonlyonepage.2.Angerisathiefwhostealsawaythenicemoment.3.Hewhoisnothandsomeat20,norstrongat30,norrichat40,norwiseat50,willneverbehandsome,strong,rich,orwise.4.Thereisthisdifferencebetweenhappinessandwisdom:thepersonwhothinkshimselfthehappiestmanreallyisso;butthepersonwhothinkshimselfthewisestisgenerallythegreatestfool.5.I’dprefersomeonewhoIhavesomethingincommonwith–whoIcantalktoeasily.6.It’shardtohaveafriendwhoyoucantrustcompletely.7.It’shardtohaveafriendyoucantrustcompletely.(作宾语的关系词可省略)8.IhopeIneverhaveabossIcan’ttalktoaboutmyproblem.三、关系代词与先行词的搭配先行词指人，关系代词用who或whom。表示人或物的所有关系，用whose。That可以指代人也可指代物。（同时出现了人和物;all,little,few,much,none,thefirst;something,anything,nothing,everything;any,only,no,some,much,few,little,all,序数词和形容词最高级，theonly,theone,thevery,theright,thelast^^that不用在介词和非限制性定语从句中。）限制性定从（不用逗号隔开）对名词提供必要的信息来说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身份或性质，或用来限制先行词所指的范围。去掉先行词，主句部分的含义不明确，或意义不完整，所以不能用逗号分开。1.Idon’tlikepeoplewhoareneverontime.2.Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.3.Heisthemanwhoisofvaluetothepeople.非限制性定从（用逗号隔开）添加附加的非必要信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释，补充或说明，去掉，主句的意义很明确不会引起歧义和误解。一、专有名词（补充说明）1.Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.（比较Mymotherwhois50thisyearliveswithmenow.这里说明不止一个母亲，目前和我一起住的是50岁的那一位，这里体现了限制性定从在字面上的意义。）2.Obamaistryingtobroadenourcollectivenotion（集体概念）ofthemainstream（主流）.Ontheotherhand,hiscampaign（竞选）isrunningtelevisioncommercial（电视广告）inIowafeaturinghislatemother（过世的）,whowaswhite.Ontheotherhand,hetoutshisbiracial,multiculturalbackground（兜售自己的黑白混血多元文化背景）asanadvantagewhenitcomestorepresentingtheU.S.abroad.3.Einstein,whowasagreatJewishscientist,createdthetheoryofrelativity.4.Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,hasdevelopedintoaninternationalcity.5.Hawaii,whichconsistsofeightprincipalislands,isafavoritevacationspot.Einstein,Beijing,Hawaii,都是专有名词，其后的定语从句都只能是非限制性的，以对其前面的现行名词进行说明。二、类指名词（少见）1.Anelephant,whichistheearth’slargestlandmammal,hasfewenemiesotherthanhumanbeing.2.Oneoftheelephantswhichwesawatthezoohadonlyonetusk.1用了非限，指的是大象这一类动物（anelephant是类指或泛指），2用了限制，表示具体一头大象。三、非限的翻译1.(原因)Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.食物都坏了，因为没有放在冰箱里。2.(原因)TheAmbassadorgaveadinnertothescientist,withwhomheespeciallywishedtotalk.大使宴请了那些科学家，因为他特别想跟他们交流一下。3.(条件)Thepeopleweredesperateforwork,anywork,whichcouldsupporttheirfamily.人们急于想找到工作，什么工作都好，只要能养家糊口。4.(让步)Themillionairehadanotherhousebuilt,whichhedidn’tneedatall.那位百万富翁又建了一幢房子，尽管他不需要。5.(让步)Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.起义依然声势浩大地遍布全国，尽管他们试图镇压。6.(让步)Bothplayers,neitherofwhomreac...