供应商和零售商的博弈模型StackelbergSTACKELBERGGAMEMODELOFSUPPLIERSANDRETAILERS专业：信息与计算科学2010指导教师：申请学位级别：学士论文提交日期：年月日201469摘要近年来，随着信息技术和科学的飞速发展、客户的需求的多元化，基于供应链的一些思想越来越受到企业的重视。怎样在控制成本的前提下，同时满足不同客户的不同需求？如何在市场中保持信息优势？如何在世界范围内对生产资料进行合理购买或获取？如何使产品的生产、销售和服务高同行一等？这些都是企业迫切需要解决的问题。供应链思想就是在这样的背景下所产生起来的一种管理思想，目的是使供应链达到最优状态。然而，供应链中包括了许多成员企业，而且各自之间的目标、信息等都是不一致的，这就使得整个供应链可能效率低下。所以需要探求一种最佳方案，使得供应链整体利益最大化。本文以Stackelberg博弈模型为研究背景，着重研究在日常生活中普遍存在的一个供应商和多个零售商的供应链协调问题，研究如何使供应链达到最优，最后也加入实际数值进行数学运算，以期能够更好的得出最终结论。关键词：博弈论；Stackelberg模型；供应链协调纳什均衡；ABSTRACTInrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,thediversificationofcustomerdemandandscientificthought,somesupplychainsbecomemoreattentionofenterprisebasedon.Howtomaintainthecost,atthesametime,tomeetthedifferentneedsofdifferentcustomers?Howtokeepinformationsuperiorityinthemarket?Howtoproducethedataintheworldscopeforreasonablepurchaseoracquisition?Howtomaketheproductsproduction,salesandserviceofhighcounterparts?Theseareenterprisesurgentlyneedtoberesolved.Akindofmanagementthoughttheideaofsupplychainisinsuchabackgroundgeneratedtogether,thepurposeistomakethesupplychaintoachieveoptimalstate.However,thesupplychainincludesmanymembersoftheenterprise,andthegoals,informationbetweeneacharenotidentical,thismakesthewholesupplychainmaybeinefficient.Soweneedtofindabestsolution,thebenefitsofthewholesupplychaintomaximize.Inthispaper,aStackelberggamemodelastheresearchbackground,supplychaincoordinationemphaticallystudiesgenerallyexistsinthedailylifeofasupplierandmultipleretailers,howtomakethesupplychaintoachieveoptimal,finallyjoinedtheactualnumericalmathematicalcalculations,inordertobeabletodrawthefinalconclusionbetter.Keywords:Gametheory;Stackelbergmodel;Nashequilibrium;supplychaincoordination目录绪论.....................................................................................................11研究背景.............................................................................................11.1研究意义.............................................................................................11.2供应链相关知识.................................................................................32供应链的概念..................................................................................32.1供应链管理的概念.............................................................................42.2供应链协调的概念.............................................................................52.3供应链契约的概念.............................................................................62.4博弈论基础知识.................................................................................83博弈论相关概念.................................................................................3.18博弈模型.......................................................................103.2Stackelberg帕累托最优....................................................................
