专题一语法填空[做考题·明考情]A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61__(long)thannonrunners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong__62__(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof__63__(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit__64__(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife__65__walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__66__showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall__67__(cause)．Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto__68__(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways__69__(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive__70__atry.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步给我们的健康带来的益处，号召我们尝试一下跑步这种运动方式。61．longer考查副词的比较级。由空格后的“than”可知应用比较级，故填long的比较级longer。62．tosee考查非谓语动词。此句意为“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就见到效果”，不定式短语“toseethebenefit”作目的状语。63．dying考查非谓语动词。reduceone'sriskof...“降低某人……的风险”，此处介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。64．is考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知这里应用一般现在时；又因为主语it是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用is。65．than考查连词。根据句中的比较级“moreeffective”并结合语境可知，这里是把running与walking,cyclingorswimming进行比较，故填than。66．that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“astudy”，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。67．causes考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式。68．strengthen考查派生词。此处to为不定式符号，在句中作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。69．energetic考查派生词。连系动词is后应接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。70．running/it考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下跑步这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。givesth.atry“尝试一下某事”。B(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry__61__(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover__62__past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis__63__(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice__64__(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater__65__riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased__66__(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal__67__(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment__68__(start)asoiltestingprogram__69__givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile__70__(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国近年来根据人们的膳食变化调整农作物种植结...