Unit22EnvironmentalProtection语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、掌握直接引语与间接引语，现在完成时的被动语态，非谓语动词的被动语态。2、灵活运用直接引语与间接引语，现在完成时的被动语态，非谓语动词的被动语态。直接引语与间接引语一、概念引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述语序。例如：直接引语：Hesaid，“Iwanttohaveadrinknow.”间接引语：Hesaidthathewantedtohaveadrinkthen.二、变身方法1.人称变化：口诀：一主二宾三不变。即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。1）Hesaid,“Igetonwellwithpeoplehere.”→Hesaidthathegotonwellwithpeoplethere.2）Susansaid,“Wecanfinishtheworktomorrow.”→Susansaidthattheycouldfinishtheworkthenextday.3）Johnsaid,“MarywenttoBeijingthreedaysago.”→JohnsaidthatMaryhadgonetoBeijingthreedaysbefore.2.时态变化：口诀：主句现在从不变，主句过去从顺延。即如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态或过去完成时｡1)Hesaid,“Igetupearlyeverymorning.”Hesaidthathegotupearlyeverymorning.(一般现在时→一般过去时)2)Shesaid,“Iamworkingonahomeworkproject.”Shesaidshewasworkingonahomeworkproject.(现在进行时→过去进行时)3)Shesaid,“Imetmyfriendinthestreet.”Shesaidthatshehadmetherfriendinthestreet.(一般过去时→过去完成时)注意：在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变:1)直接引语叙述的是科学真理､客观事实､格言等｡例如:“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.2)直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语｡例如:“JohnwenttoParisbyairin1985,”Jacksaid.JacksaidJohnwenttoParisbyairin1985.3.状语和指示代词的变化：牢记：this/these→that/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如：Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.4.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。例如：Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.5.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如：Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyoulikethefilm?”MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.6.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如：Thecaptainordered,“Bequiet.”Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意：下列情况的否定句中，在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,“Don’tlaugh.”Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.现在完成时的被动语态构成：have/hasbeen+过去分词Hasyourapproachbeenadoptedyet?你的方法已经被采纳了吗？非谓语动词（不含过去分词）的被动语态1.不定式一般式的被动语态。由“tobe+过去分词”构成。如：Sheaskedtobegivensomeworktodo.她要求给她一些工作做。Hewasthelastpersontobeaskedtospeak.他是最后被邀请发言的人。2.不定式完成式的被动语态。由“tohavebeen+过去分词”构成。如：Ishouldliketohavebeentoldtheresultearlier.我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。3.现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：Isawhimbeingtakenaway.我看...
