考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类分类模拟(二)SectionUseofEnglishⅠItiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpractice,gradually(1)theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.(2),arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield'sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa(3)specifiedlatent(4)forflying.Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled(5)neuralnetworksandcomputer(6)totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin(7)generations(8)inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand(9)decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearning,wherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof(10)eachindividualhas.Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso(11)theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.(12)computers,whichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer'smemorychip,neuralnetworksstoreeachitem(13)overmanyneuronalconnections.(14)informationisstoredinthiswaythen(15)isaccelerated,explaininghowcomplexmotorskills,suchasnestbuildingandhuntingskills,are(16)byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations.Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits(17)inideas(18)byJamesBaldwinin1896,whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright,(19)inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts(20)artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime.1、A.adjustingB.refiningC.changingD.turning2、A.IndeedB.HenceC.WhereasD.However3、A.geneticallyB.cognitivelyC.habituallyD.extrinsically4、A.storageB.organC.memoryD.function5、A.affectedB.artificialC.fakeD.unrealistic6、A.dominationsB.manipulationsC.operationsD.simulations7、A.previousB.formerC.precedingD.ancient8、A.entirelyB.accordinglyC.obviouslyD.indirectly9、A.resultinB.thereforeC.soD.nevertheless10、A.partnersB.alternativesC.offspringD.parents11、A.dependonB.decideC.affectD.involve12、A.ForB.AlikeC.UnlikeD.Within13、A.deliveredB.distributedC.displayedD.disposed14、A.AsB.GivenC.IfD.Considering15、A.abilityB.updateC.renovationD.evolution16、A.learnedB.acknowledgedC.attainedD.acquired17、A.rootsB.resourcesC.basesD.reflections18、A.supportedB.proposedC.objectedD.started19、A.andB.thenC.butD.besides20、A.asforB.inparticularC.suchasD.forinstanceDoyouwakeupeverydayfeelingtootired,orevenupset?Ifso,thenanewalarmclockcouldbejustforyou.Theclock,calledSleepSmart,measuresyoursleepcycle,andwaits(1)youtobeinyourlightestphaseofsleep(2)rousingyou.Itsmakerssaythatshould(3)youwakeupfeelingrefreshedeverymorning.Asyousleepyoupass(4)asequenceofsleepstates—lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—that(5)approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan(6)howyoufeellater,andmay(7)haveagreaterimpactthanhowmuchorlittleyouhaveslept.Beingrousedduringalightphase(8)youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.SleepSmart(9)thedistinctpatternofbrainwaves(10)duringeachphaseofsleep,viaaheadbandequipped(11)electrodesandamicroprocessor.Thismeasurestheelectricalactivityofthewearer'sbrain,inmuchthe(12)wayassomemachinesusedformedicalandresearch(13),andcommunicateswirelesslywithaclockunitnearthebed.You(14)thecl...