新生儿病房细菌感染状况分析及院内感染防控环节研究【摘要】目的：探讨新生儿病房细菌感染状况以及院内感染防控环节。方法：选取2014年4月-2017年2月本院新生儿重症监护室（NICU）存在感染的新生儿180例，随机将其分为观察组和对照组，各90例。所有患儿均根据细菌培养及药敏试验合理选择抗生素进行抗感染治疗，采集患儿防治前后粪便及咽拭子标本作细菌培养，监测产ESBL酶菌，分析比较两组患儿病原菌、平均住院时间、住院费用及死亡率。结果：入院72h后，观察组患儿感染率为12.22%（11/90），虽低于对照组的14.44%（13/90），但差??无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组共检菌株11株，对照组共检菌株13株，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。入院72h后，两组患儿咽拭子及粪便标本中ESBL菌检出率均低于入院当日，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组患儿咽拭子及粪便标本中ESBL菌检出率均明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿住院时间、住院费用均显著少于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。观察组患儿死亡发生率为0，虽低于对照组的4.44%，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：新生儿病房细菌感染主要以肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌为主，经有效防治后，能够降低患儿感染率，减少其平均住院时间及住院费用，提高患儿存活率。【关键词】NICU；细菌感染状况；防控环节AnalysisofBacterialInfectionandPreventionandControlofNosocomialInfectioninNeonatalWard/WUXiao-ying，ZHANGXiao-li，CHENChun-激.//MedicalInnovationofChina，2017，14（15）：090-093【Abstract】Objective：Toinvestigatethestatusofbacterialinfectioninneonatalwardandthepreventionandcontrolofnosocomialinfection.Method：180newlydiagnosedneonateswithNICUinourhospitalfromApril2014toFebruary2017wereselected，theywererandomlydividedintoobservationgroupandcontrolgroup，90casesineachgroup.Allchildrenweretreatedwithantibioticsaccordingtobacterialcultureanddrugsensitivitytest，thestoolandthroatswabswerecollectedbeforeandafterthetreatmentforbacterialculture，andtheESBLproducingstrainsweremonitored，thepathogens，averagehospitalstay，hospitalcostsandmortalityoftwogroupswereanalyzedandcompared.Result：After72h，theinfectionrateoftheobservationgroupwas12.22%（11/90），whichwaslowerthan14.44%（13/90）ofthecontrolgroup，buttherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups（P>0.05）.Atotalof11strainsweredetectedintheobservationgroup，andthecontrolgroupwasexaminedwithatotalof13strains，therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups（P>0.05）.Afteradmissionfor72h，thedetectionrateofESBLbacteriainthroatswabsandstoolspecimensofthepatientsinthetwogroupswaslowerthanthoseofadmission，thedifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant（P<0.05）；thedetectionrateofESBLbacteriainthroatswabsandstoolspecimensoftheobservationgroupweresignificantlylowerthanthoseofthecontrolgroup，thedifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant（P<0.05）.Thehospitalizationtimeandhospitalizationcostoftheobservationgroupweresignificantlylessthanthoseofthecontrolgroup，thedifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant（P<0.01）.Thedeathrateoftheobservationgroupwas0，whichwaslowerthan4.44%ofthecontrolgroup，butthedifferencewasnotstatisticallysignificant（P>0.05）.Conclusion：BacterialinfectioninneonatalwardismainlycausedbyKlebsiellapneumoniaeandEscherichiacoli，aftereffectivecontrol，itcanreducetheinfectionrate，reducetheaveragehospitalizationtimeandhospitalizationcost，andimprovethesurvivalrateofchildren.【Keywords】NICU；Bacterialinfection；PreventionandcontrollinkFirst-author’saddress：LonggangCentralHospitalinofShenzhenCity，Shenzhen518116，Chinadoi：...