渭河生态水文特征变化研究马晓超1,粟晓玲1,薄永占2(1.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100;2.天津市水利勘测设计院,天津300204)摘要:随着河流开发利用程度的提高,河流的水文情势发生了很大的变化,生态系统受到威胁,保护和修复河流生态成为关注的焦点。本文在收集渭河林家村站、咸阳站和华县站长系列的实测日径流序列的基础上,采用滑动平均法和Mann-kendall检验法判断并检验年径流序列的变化趋势,采用有序聚类分析法、Pettitt法、秩和检验法和Mann-whitney检验法4种方法综合诊断并确定年径流序列的变异点。以跳跃显著的年份为界,将水文序列划分为变化前后两个水文变动序列,基于水文变异指标(IHA指标),应用变动范围法(RVA法),计算渭河中下游生态水文目标,研究生态水文特征的变异度。结果表明:渭河林家村站、咸阳站和华县站年平均流量均有显著下降趋势,最可能变异点分别为1990、1990和1993年,生态水文指标的整体改变度分别为70.61%,74.25%,73.05%,均为高度改变。研究结果可为渭河流域综合规划和生态治理提供科学合理的依据。关键词:变异点;水文变异指标;变动范围法;生态水文特征:TV12;通八达P333文献标识码:A:16722643X(2011)0120016206Researchoneco2hydrologicalalternationofWeiheRiverBasinMAXiaochao1,SUXiaoling1,BOYongzhan2(1.CollegeofWaterResourceandArchitecturalEngineering;NorthwestAFUniversity;Yangling712100,China;2.Tian激nMunicipalWaterConservancyDesignInstitute,Tian激n300204,China)Abstract:Withtheelevationofdevelopmentandutilizationleveloftheriver,riverhydrologicalsituationhasundergonegreatchangesandthreatentheriversecosystem.Soprotectionandrestorationofrivereco2systembecomethefocusofattention.IngatheringthemeasuredseriesofdailyflowsequenceatLin激acunstation,XianyangstationandHuaxianstationinWeiheRiver,themovingaveragesmethodandtheMann-kendallstatisticaltestareappliedtoassessthetraffictrendsoftherunoffsequence.Fourmethodssuchastheorderlyclusteranalysis,themethodofPettittstatisticaltest,theranksumtestandtheMann-Whitneystatisticaltestarealsousedtodiagnoseanddeterminethechangepoint.Basedonthehydrologi2calanalysis,concernthesignificantchangepointastheboundary,thehydrologicalsequenceisdividedintotwohydrologicalsequencesofbeforeandafterthechanges.InviewoftheIndicatorofHydrologicAl2teration,theRangeofVariabilityApproach(RVA)isusedtocalculatetheeco-hydrologicaltargetandstudytheeco-hydrologicalcharacteristicsafterthechange.Theresultsshowedthat:TheannualaverageflowatLin激acunstation,XianyangstationandHuaxianstationinWeiheRiverhavebeensignificantlyde2creased,mostlikelychangepointsare1990,1990and1993respectively,theoveralldegreeofhydrolog2icalalterationaboutindicatorofhydrologicalterationarehighlychangedfor70.61%,74.25%,and73.05%respectively.Itcanprovidescientificreferenceforcomprehensiveplanningandecologicalmanage2mentofWeiheRiver.Keywords:changepoints;indicatorofhydrologicalternation;rangeofvariabilityapproach;eco2hydro2收稿日期:2010209207;修回日期:2010209227基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(50879071);公益性行业科研专项(200801104);西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干支持计划资助项目作者简介:马晓超(19872),女,河北深州市人,硕士生,主要从事生态水文学方面的研究工作。作者简介:粟晓玲(19682),女,四川开江县人,教授,博士,主要从事水资源规划与管理方面的教学与科研工作。第1期马晓超,等:渭河生态水文特征变化研究171.2水文序列变异点诊断方法目前水文序列变异点的检验方法较多,各种方法的检验结果也不一样,本文选取常用的4种方法,包括有序聚类分析法[6]、秩和检验[6]、Pettitt检验[7]和Mann-Whitney检验,对水文序列进行详细诊断。本文主要对Mann-Whitney检验进行详细的说明。为确保变异点选取的准确性,最后对...