中国人口,出乎意料的人口危机China'spopulation中国人口Themostsurprisingdemographiccrisis出乎意料的人口危机AnewcensusraisesquestionsaboutthefutureofChina’sone-childpolicy新的人口普查结果对中国独生子女政策的未来提出了质疑DOESChinahaveenoughpeople?Thequestionmightseemabsurd.Thecountryhaslongbeenfamousbothforhavingtheworld’slargestpopulationandforhavingtakendraconianmeasurestorestrainitsgrowth.Thoughmanypeople,Chineseandoutsidersalike,havelookedaghastatthebrutalandcoerciveexcessesoftheone-childpolicy,therehasalsooftenbeenagrudgingacknowledgmentthatChinaneededtodosomethingtokeepitsvastnumbersincheck.中国人够多吗?这个问题够傻的。这个国家一直以来都因为它居于世界首位的庞大人口以及为了控制人口增长而实行的严格政策而享有盛名。尽管许多中国人以及外国人对这项独生子女政策的不讲理以及高压手段瞠目结舌,最终他们还是勉强承认中国需要这项政策来控制庞大的人口。ButnewcensusfiguresbolsterclaimsmadeinthepastfewyearsthatChinaissufferingfromademographicproblemofadifferentsort:toolowabirthrate.Thelatestnumbers,releasedonApril28thandbasedonthenationwidecensusconductedlastyear,showatotalpopulationformainlandChinaof1.34billion.Theyalsorevealasteepdeclineintheaverageannualpopulationgrowthrate,downto0.57%in2000-10,halftherateof1.07%inthepreviousdecade.Thedataimplythatthetotalfertilityrate,whichisthenumberofchildrenawomanofchild-bearingagecanexpecttohave,onaverage,duringherlifetime,maynowbejust1.4,farbelowthe“replacementrate”of2.1,whicheventuallyleadstothepopulationstabilising.但是新的全国人口普查数据却证实了过去几年关于中国面临一个截然不同的人口危机的断言,即中国的人口出生率过低。刚于4月28日发布的数据(根据去年进行的全国人口普查结果)显示,中国大陆拥有13亿4千万人口。而年均人口增长率的巨幅下降也跃然纸上:中国年均人口增长率在2000到2010这个10年的区间中下降到了0.57%,是1990-2000这10年的一半。这份数据显示总生育率,也就是一位孕龄女性在其一生将平均会有1.4个孩子,远远低于2.1的人口更替水平,而人口更替水平是维持人口稳定的标准。Slowergrowthismatchedbyadramaticageingofthepopulation.Peopleabovetheageof60nowrepresent13.3%ofthetotal,upfrom10.3%in2000(seechart).Inthesameperiod,thoseundertheageof14declinedfrom23%to17%.Acontinuationofthesetrendswillplaceevergreaterburdensontheworkingyoungwhomustsupporttheirelderlykin,aswellasongovernment-runpensionandhealth-caresystems.China’sgreat“demographicdividend”(arisingshareofworking-ageadults)isalmostover.Inadditiontoskewingthecountry’sagedistribution,theone-childpolicyhasprobablyexacerbateditsdiregenderimbalance.ManymorebabyboysareborninChinathanbabygirls.---本文来源于网络,仅供参考,勿照抄,如有侵权请联系删除---Chinaisnotuniqueinthis;othercountries,notablyIndia,haveencounteredsimilarproblemswithoutcoercivepopulationcontrols.ButChineseofficialsdonotdisputethattheone-childpolicyhasplayedarole.China’sstrongculturalimperativeformaleoffspringhasledmanyfamiliestodowhatevertheymusttoensurethattheironepermissiblechildisason.Intheearliestdaysoftheone-childpolicy,thissometimesmeantfemaleinfanticide.Asultrasoundtechnologyspread,sex-selectiveabortionsbecamewidespread.独生子女政策带来的不仅仅是人口年龄分布倾斜,还很可能加剧了中国严重的性别比例失调。在中国,男婴比女婴更多。而在这一点上中国并不孤单;其他国家,尤其是印度,也遇到了类似的问题,然而印度并没有强制性控制人口。但是中国官员不容争辩的强调独生子女政策有重要作用。中国重视男性子嗣的深远文化传统令千万家庭...