重度颅脑损伤患者ICU治疗临床观察【摘要】目的:探究重度颅脑损伤患者ICU临床治疗的方法及效果。方法:随机选取2010年1月-2013年1月在本院治疗的重度颅脑损伤患者82例,随机数字表法分成治疗组与对照组,每组41例,其中对照组给予常规治疗,包括营养支持、止血、采用脱水降颅压,以及改善脑循环、糖皮质激素与纠正水电解质酸碱平衡、合理应用抗生素等,而治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,给予颅内压监测、机械通气、循坏支持及亚低温治疗等,对比分析治疗前后两组患者的临床疗效。结果:治疗组41例患者治疗良好23例,中度病残、重度病残及植物生存分别为8、6、3例,死亡1例,总有效率为75.6%,对照组41例患者治疗良好15例,中度病残、重度病残及植物生存分别为6、5、8例,死亡7例,总有效率为51.2%,两组患者的总有效率比较差异冇统计学意义(P〈0.05),治疗组的效果明显优于对照组。结论:对于重度颅脑损伤患者来说,尽早诊断及治疗,并在TCU内综合治疗,可取得显著的治疗效果。【关键词】重度颅脑损伤;ICU;临床治疗;观察【Abstract]Objective:ToexplorethemethodandeffectofclinicaltreatmentofICUpatientswithseverecraniocerebralinjury.Method:82patientswithseverecraniocerebralinjuryinourhospitalweremdomlyselectedfromJanuary2010toJanuary2013,andwereTandomlydividedintotreatmentgroupandcontrolgroup,41casesineachgroup.Thecontrolgroupwasgivenconventionaltreatment,ineludingnutritionalsupport,hemostatic,byloweringtheintracranialpressure,andimprovedcerebralcirculation,glucocorticoidandcorrectwaterelectrolyteandacid-basebalance,reasonableuseofantibioticsandsoon,whilethetreatmentgrouponthebasisofconventionaltherapy,wasgiventheintracranialpressuremonitoring,mechanicalventilation,circulationsupportandmildhypothermiatreatment,theclinicalefficacyofthetwogroupsbeforeandaftertreatmentwerecomparativeanalyzed.Result:Thetreatmentgrouppatientsofgoodwere23cases,moderatedisability,severedisabilityandplantsurvivalwererespectively8,6and3cases,1casesdied,thetotaleffectiveratewas75.6%.Thecontrolgroup41patientstreatedwithgoodin15cases,moderatedisability,severedisabilityandplantsurvivalwererespectively6,5and8cases,7casesdied,thetotaleffectiveratewas51.2%.Comparedthetotalefficiencyoftwogroups,thedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant(P<0.05),theeffectofthetreatmentgroupwassignificantlybetterthanthecontrolgroup.Conclusion:Forpatientswithseverecraniocerebralinjury,earlydiagnosisandtreatment,andthetreatmentofiniegratedwithintheICU,canbeachievedremarkablecurativeeffect.[Keywords]Severecraniocerebralinjury;TCU;Clinicaltreatment;ObservationFirst-author?saddress:Alxa.CentralHospitalofInnerMongolia,Alxa750306,Chinadoi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2015.09.039随着交通事故、建筑事故、暴力犯罪发生率的增加,越來越多暴力突发事件造成人们的颅脑损伤,使英成为临床上常见的急性创伤[1]。重度颅脑损伤的病情危重,且致残、致死率比较高,加上治疗费用比较高,给患者及其家庭带来较大的经济负担,所以如何降低致残率、致死率成为一个严肃的命题[1]。本研究随机选取本院收治的82例重度颅脑损伤患者,分为对照组与观察组,探讨ICU治疗的临床效果,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料随机选取2010年1月-2014年1月在本院治疗的重度颅脑损伤患者82例,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组各41例,对照组患者在普通病房住院治疗,治疗组患者在ICU接受治疗。其中,对照组患者男25例,女16例,年龄13〜61岁,平均(41.3±6・9)岁,损伤原因:21例因车祸致颅脑损伤,9例由于高处坠落致颅脑损伤,6例因暴力冲突致颅脑损伤,5例由于挤压致颅脑损伤;经颅脑CT证实,损伤类型包括13例脑挫裂伤伴颅内血肿,11例硕脑膜外血肿,8例硕脑膜下血肿,6例脑挫裂伤,3例脑干损伤;患者入院...