Culturalindustries-theirviabilityandeconomicpotential文化產業的公共平台之可能性及經濟力-以數位音樂發展為例2003-04-23/TaiwanNews/JenChiang-ta,LanYung-chengandChengKeng-changCrystalRecords任將達．藍永成．鄭鏗彰水晶唱片Musicindustryconditionsandriskanalysis音樂產業概況及危機解讀Taiwan'smusicindustrymaybesaidtopossessthegreatestcompetitivestrengthandeconomiccloutofallpresentculturalindustriesinTaiwan.Nevertheless,thisindustryisnowfacingagravecollectivecrisis.台灣的音樂產業可以說是現行文化產業中發展最為完整最具競爭力及經濟力的產業，但這產業現在卻面臨重大的共同危機。Overthepastseveralcenturiesofhumanity'seconomichistory,themusicbusinesshasprogressedinstepwithadvancesinmanufacturingindustriesandtechnology,undergoingveryrapid,enormoustransformations.Indeed,itshistoryofdevelopmentcanbetakenasamajorindicatorandeconomicanalyticalreferencefordevelopmentoftheknowledgeeconomy.人類近百年的經濟歷史中，音樂產業始終伴隨著工業及科技的進程，作快速和巨大的轉變，其發展實足以成為知識經濟發展的重要指標及經驗參考。Overthecourseoftechnologicaldevelopment,themusicindustryhasgonethroughthreemajorphasesofevolution.Thefirstphasecenteredontherecordingofmusiconpaper.Astheconsequenceofthisdevelopment,peoplecouldcirculateanddisseminatemusicbycopyingmusicscores.Inthiscontext,musicasanindustryconsistedofmusicpublishing.Followingtheinventionofphonographicrecording,themusicindustryexpandedintothebusinessofrecordedproducts,becomingfinanciallybasedonrecordcompanysales.Musicpublishingthentookabackseatpositionasasidelineoftherecordingindustry,itsworkconsistinginthehandlingofsongcopyrightsandauthorizationofrecordingsandperformances.Althoughtherehavebeenanumberofrevolutionsinaudiorecordingtechnology-suchasthetransitionsfromvinyldiscstoaudiotapesandCDs-thesedevelopmentsneverthelessstillbelongtothissecondphase,bringingaboutitsmostprosperousperiod.在科技發展的進程中，音樂產業曾發生三次重要的變革，一次是記譜方式的產生，人們可以透過樂譜的複製將音樂流傳及傳播，此時音樂工業本身便是樂譜的出版商；留聲技術發明之後，音樂便轉而附著在錄音產品上，音樂工業經濟便建立在唱片公司的錄音產品的銷售上，在此樂譜的出版商退位成為僅是唱片工業的一環，其工作便是處理詞曲版權和其衍生的錄音、公演相關權利；雖然有過幾次的媒介轉變，如黑膠唱片轉成錄音帶、CD等載體，但仍然屬於這一時期，也正是唱片音樂工業的全盛時期。Presently,weareinthemidstofatransitionalperiodmovingintoanewagedrivenbycomputerstorageofdigitalmusicanditstransmissionovertheInternet.Musicrecordingscannowberapidlyandcheaplycopied,transmittedandsoldbylonePCusersviatheInternet,thusbecomingmuchmorewidelyutilizable-withnoneedforsupportbyalarge-scalebusinessorganization.Withthisdevelopment,whatlarge-scalebusinessorganizationsupportsareadded-valuemusicproducts.Thisnewtypeofeconomicstructurehasthoroughlyoverturnedthemusicindustrycenteredonrecordcompanieswithtangiblemusicalrecordingproducts.我們現在正是處於音樂電子化及網路化所產生的新世紀的過渡期，音樂可以快速廉價地透過個人的網路錄音、傳輸以及銷售作更廣泛的利用，並不需要大型經濟體制的支持，此時大型經濟力支持的反而是音樂的附加產品，這樣的體制徹底顛覆了擁有錄音實體產品的唱片公司為主體的音樂工業。Witheverymajorevolutionaryleapinevitablycomesdramatictransformationsinrights-andcapital-relatedstructures.Theentiretyofthemusicindustryvasteconomicsystemgoesthroughachaoticperiodoforganizationalinabilitytoadjusttonewcircumstances,andanewmodeofeconomicopera...