精品文档KeytoExerciseUnit1ChemicalIndustries1.theIndustrialRevolution8.pesticides9.organicchemicalssyntheticfibers2.10.3.thecontactprocesspharmaceutical11.researchanddevelopment4.theHaberprocess12.petrochemical5.syntheticpolymers13.computers6.intermediates14.capitalintensiveartificialfertilizers7.SomeChemicalsUsedInOurDailyLifeFoodartificialfertilizers,pesticide,veterinaryproductsHealthantibiotics,-blockersβsyntheticfibers(e.g.polyesters,polyamides),Clothingsyntheticdyessyntheticpolymers(e.g.urea-formaldehyde,polyurethanes),ShelterplasticsLeisureplasticsandpolymers(e.g.nylon)additives(e.g.anti-oxidants,viscosityindexTransportimpovements),polymers,plasticsUnit2ResearchandDevelopment1.R&D12.technicalsupport13.ideasandknowledgeprocessimprovement2.14.3.processandproductseffluenttreatment15.fundamentalpharmaceutical4.16.5.sufficientlypureapplied17.Reaction6.productdevelopment18.unreactedmaterialexistingproduct7.19.pilotplantby-products8.20.aemergingcasetheproductspecification9.Productstorage21.environmentalimpact10.energycost11.精品文档．精品文档Unit3TypicalActivitiesofChemicalEngineers1.Mechanical14.coolingwater15.aneconomical2.electrical16.toimprove3.civil17.P&IDrawingsscale-up4.18.EquipmentSpecificationSheetscommercial-size5.19.Constructionreactors6.20.capacityandperformancedistillationcolumns7.21.bottleneckspumps8.22.TechnicalSales9.controlandinstrumentation23.neworimprovedmathematics10.24.engineeringmethodsindustry11.configurations25.academia12.steam13.SourcesofChemicalsUnit4rawmaterial11.inorganicchemicals1.separationandpurification2.derivefrom12.foodindustry13.petrochemicalprocesses3.tobewetted4.Metallicores14.Keytosuccess15.extractionprocess5.Crushingandgrinding6.16.non-renewableresourceSieving17.renewablesources7.Stirringandbubbling8.energysource18.Surfaceactiveagentsfermentationprocess9.19.Overflowing20.selective10.BasicChemicalsUnit5PolyvinylacetateEthylene1.4.Emulsionpaintaceticacid5.2.Polymerization3.High-volumesectorLow-volumesectorProductionscaletenstohundredsofthousandstonsperyeartenstoafewthousandstonsperyearProducts/aplantsingleproductmulti-productsOperationmannercontinuousbatchPriceorprofitfairlycheapveryprofitableUsageintermediatesend-products精品文档．精品文档Challengesreduceddemand,environmentpollutionProductsinthesectorsulphuricacid,phosphorus-containingcompounds,nitrogen-containingcompounds,chlor-alkali,petrochemicals,commoditypolymersagrochemicals,dyestuffs,pharmaceuticals,specialitypolymersChlor-AlkaliandRelatedProcessesUnit6Ammonia1.5.ClNH4Rotarydrierammoniaabsorber6.2.3.&COLightNa7.OHNHNaCl324WaterCarbondioxide8.4.ProductRawmaterialMajorstepsorPrincipalreactionsUsesSoda-ashbrine,limestoneammoniating,carbonating,precipitating,filtering,drying,calciningrawmaterialforglassmaking,sodiumsilicate;asanalkaliChlorinebrine-+→2Na+2HO+2Cl2+HNaOH+Cl22aswaterpurification,bleachingofwoodpulp;productionofvinylchloride,solvents,inorganicchlorine-containingproductsCausticsodabrine-+O+2H+2Cl→2Na2NaOH+Cl+H22forpaper-making,manufactureofinorganicchemicals,synthesesoforganicchemicals,aluminaproductionofandsoapSulfuricacidelementalsulphurSOS+O→22SO→SO+O322HSOOSO+H→4322forfertilizers;feedstockproductionofethanol,hydrofluoricacid,aluminumsulphatesAmmonia,NitricAcidandUreaUnit74.kineticallyinertconversion1.5.someironcompoundsareasonablespeed2.lowerpressuresexothermi...