探析中国乡村景观园林和环境保护-园林绿化内容摘要针对中国乡村城市化进程中的乡村人类聚居环境规划建设,提出乡村景观园林的问题,阐述了乡村景观园林的定义、国内外研究动态及其理论与实践意义,进而提出了作者关于我国乡村景观园林研究的内容、方法及其预期成果。ContentbasedonChina’sruralurbanizationinruralhumansettlementenvironmentplanningandconstruction,bringupthequestionofrurallandscape,thispaperexpoundsthedefinitionofrurallandscape,theoryandpracticeofdomesticandforeignresearchdynamicandsignificance,thenproposedtheauthoraboutthecontents,methodsofrurallandscaperesearchinChinaanditsexpectedoutcomes.1引言1introduction乡村有景观吗?乡村有园林吗?乡村需要景观园林吗?在城市化进程快速发展的今天,在大地景观开始深入人心的现代,对于中国规划建筑界,这些问题已经开始引起人们的关注。众所周知,乡村既是人类聚居环境的基本细胞,也是中国绝大部分人口的主要聚居地区。乡村园林以乡村景观为背景,乡村景观在客观方面包括地理位置、地形、水、土、气候、动、植物、人工物等,在主观方面包括经济发展程度、社会文化、生活习俗,乡村园林正是在这种综合的景观中孕育、演变、发展、生成,所以乡村园林与乡村景观密不可分,故而,乡村景观园林也就成为本文的论题。根据人类聚居环境学理论(刘滨谊1999),作为乡村人类聚居环境的基本背景,乡村景观园林作为乡村规划的基础背景,它对整个村落的布局、特色的塑造和生态环境的保育起着决定性的作用,它的面貌、格局、规划、建设决定着乡村环境的生死存亡。合理而理想的乡村景观园林,表面看上去朴实无华,然而在“因地制宜”、“就地取材”、“因材致用”、“持续发展”的基本原则指导下,其内在却是丰富多彩、形态各异、耐人寻味的,其中,不乏有许多优点而令今天的城市人神往。当今中国,随着城市化进程的不断加快,乡村景观园林在乡村人类聚居环境规划建设中的作用、地位日渐重要。对于迅速城市化的乡村地带,乡村景观园林正处于十字路口,迫切需要予以定位、定性、定向、定型,而对于当今那些步入病态衰败的城镇,理想的乡村景观园林无疑将成为“治病”“健身”的一帖灵丹妙药。Rurallandscape?Countrygarden?Countryneedalandscape?Inthecurrentrapiddevelopmentofurbanizationprocess,atthebeginningoftheearthlandscapeisdeeplyrootedintheheartsofthepeopleinthemodern,planningandarchitectureinChina,theseproblemshavebeguntocausetheattentionofpeople.Asisknowntoall,thecountryisthebasiccellofhumansettlementenviron---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---ment,andthevastmajorityofpeopleisalsoChina’smajorpopulatedareas.Countrygardenissetinrurallandscapeandrurallandscapeinobjectiveaspectsincludinggeographicalposition,terrain,water,soil,climate,plantsandanimals,artificialobjects,suchasthesubjectiveaspectsincludingtheeconomicdevelopmentlevel,socialcultureandlivingcustom,countrygardenitwasinthiskindofcomprehensivelandscapebreeds,evolution,development,generation,sotherurallandscapeandrurallandscapeareinseparable,therefore,therurallandscapehasbecomethethesisofthisarticle.AccordingtothetheoryofhumansettlementenvironmentLiuBinYi(1999),asabasicbackgroundofruralhumansettlementenvironment,rurallandscapeasthefoundationoftheruralplanningbackground,thelayoutofitforanentirevillage,shapingofthecharacteristicsandecologicalenvironmentconservationplaysadecisiverole,itsfeatures,landscape,planning,constructiondecidesthesurvivalofruralenvironment.Reasonableandidealrurallandscape,thesurfaceseemsplain,butthe“adjustmeasurestolocalconditions”,“uselocalmaterials”,“duetothematerialtool”,“sustainabledevelopment”undertheguidanceofthebasicprinciples,itsareimmanentisrichandcolorful,forms,intriguing,amongthem,therearemanyadvantagesfortoday’scitypeoplelonging.Intoday’sChina,withtheacceleratingofurbanizationprocess,rurallandscapeplanningandconstructionofhumansettlementenvironmentinthecountrytherole,statusisimportant.Forrapidurbanizationofruralareas,rurallandscapeisatacrossroads,theurgentneedforpositioning,qualitative,directional,finalizethedesign,andforthoseinmorbiddecayingtownstoday,idealrurallandscapewillnodoubtbecomea“cure”panacea“fitness”ofapost.---本文来源于网络，仅供参考，勿照抄，如有侵权请联系删除---