引力波观测原文PhysRevLett.116.061102ObservationofGravitationalWavesfromaBinaryBlackHoleMergerB.P.Abbottetal.*(LIGOScientificCollaborationandVirgoCollaboration)(Received21January2022;published11February2022)OnSeptember14,2022at09:50:45UTCthetwodetectorsoftheLaserInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatorysimultaneouslyobservedatransientgravitational-wavesignal.Thesignalsweepsupwardsinfrequencyfrom35to250Hzwithapeakgravitational-wavestrainof1.0×10?21.Itmatchesthewaveformpredictedbygeneralrelativityfortheinspiralandmergerofapairofblackholesandtheringdownoftheresultingsingleblackhole.Thesignalwasobservedwithamatched-filtersignal-to-noiseratioof24andafalsealarmrateestimatedtobelessthan1eventper203000years,equivalenttoasignificancegreaterthan5.1σ.Thesourceliesataluminositydistanceof410t160?180Mpccorrespondingtoaredshiftz?0.09t0.03?0.04.Inthesourceframe,theinitialblackholemassesare36t5?4M⊙and29t4?4M⊙,andthefinalblackholemassis62t4?4M⊙,with3.0t0.5?0.5M⊙c2radiatedingravitationalwaves.Alluncertaintiesdefine90%credibleintervals.Theseobservationsdemonstratetheexistenceofbinarystellar-massblackholesystems.Thisisthefirstdirectdetectionofgravitationalwavesandthefirstobservationofabinaryblackholemerger.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102I.INTRODUCTIONIn1916,theyearafterthefinalformulationofthefieldequationsofgeneralrelativity,AlbertEinsteinpredictedtheexistenceofgravitationalwaves.Hefoundthatthelinearizedweak-fieldequationshadwavesolutions:transversewavesofspatialstrainthattravelatthespeedoflight,generatedbytimevariationsofthemassquadrupolemomentofthesource[1,2].Einsteinunderstoodthatgravitational-waveamplitudeswouldberemarkablysmall;moreover,untiltheChapelHillconferencein1957therewassignificantdebateaboutthephysicalrealityofgravitationalwaves[3].Alsoin1916,Schwarzschildpublishedasolutionforthefieldequations[4]thatwaslaterunderstoodtodescribeablackhole[5,6],andin1963Kerrgeneralizedthesolutiontorotatingblackholes[7].Startinginthe1970stheoreticalworkledtotheunderstandingofblackholequasinormalmodes[8–10],andinthe11010shigher-orderpost-Newtoniancalculations[11]precededextensiveanalyticalstudiesofrelativistictwo-bodydynamics[12,13].Theseadvances,togetherwithnumericalrelativitybreakthroughsinthepastdecade[14–16],haveenabledmodelingofbinaryblackholemergersandaccuratepredictionsoftheirgravitationalwaveforms.Whilenumerousblackholecandidateshavenowbeenidentifiedthroughelectromag-neticobservations[17–19],blackholemergershavenotpreviouslybeenobserved.ThediscoveryofthebinarypulsarsystemPSRB1913t16byHulseandTaylor[20]andsubsequentobservationsofitsenergylossbyTaylorandWeisberg[21]demonstratedtheexistenceofgravitationalwaves.Thisdiscovery,alongwithemergingastrophysicalunderstanding[22],ledtotherecognitionthatdirectobservationsoftheamplitudeandphaseofgravitationalwaveswouldenablestudiesofadditionalrelativisticsystemsandprovidenewtestsofgeneralrelativity,especiallyinthedynamicstrong-fieldregime.ExperimentstodetectgravitationalwavesbeganwithWeberandhisresonantmassdetectorsinthe1960s[23],followedbyaninternationalnetworkofcryogenicreso-nantdetectors[24].Interferometricdetectorswerefirstsuggestedintheearly1960s[25]andthe1970s[26].Astudyofthenoiseandperformanceofsuchdetectors[27],andfurtherconceptstoimprovethem[28],ledtoproposalsforlong-baselinebroadbandlaserinterferome-terswiththepotentialforsignificantlyincreasedsensi-tivity[29–32].Bytheearly2000s,asetofinitialdetectorswascompleted,includingTAMA300inJapan,GEO600inGermany,theLaserInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory(LIGO)intheUnitedStates,andVirgoinhttps://www.sodocs.net/doc/2517335947.htmlbinationsofthesedetectorsmadejointobser-vationsfrom2002through2022,settingupperlimitsonavarietyofgravitational-wavesourceswhileevolvingintoaglobalnetwork.In2022,AdvancedLIGObecamethefirstofasignificantlymoresensitivenetworkofadvanceddetectorstobeginobservations[33–36].AcenturyafterthefundamentalpredictionsofEinsteinandSchwarzschild,wereportthefirstdirectdetectionofgravitationalwavesandthefirstdirectobservationofabinaryblackholesystemmergingtoformasingleblackhole.Ourobservationsprovideuniqueaccesstothe*Fullauthorlistgivenattheendofthearticle.PublishedbytheAmericanPhysicalSocietyunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0License.Furtherdistri-butionofthisworkmustmaintainattributiontotheauthor(s)andthepublishedarticle’stitle,journalcitation,andDOI.本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！