■用独立结构合并句子作用：作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因、时间、条件、让步等那孩子回来了，脸青一块紫一块。Theboycameback.Hisfacewasblackandblue.Theboycameback(with)hisfaceblackandblue.那个男男孩走了进来，满脸是泥，一只手还留着血。Theboycamein.Hisfacewascoveredwithmud.Hishandwasbleeding.Theboycamein,hisfacecoveredwithmud,hishandbleeding.他面朝南站着，手里拿着一封信，热泪盈眶。Therehestood.Hisfacewastothesouth.Aletterwasinhishand.Thereweretearsinhiseyes.Therehestood,histothesouth,aletterinhand,tearsinhiseyes.这是我们第一个图书馆，第二个将在明年建成。Thisisourfirstlibrary.Thenextistobebuiltnextyear.Thisisourfirstlibrary,thenexttobebuiltnextyear.吃完了午饭，学生回到了各自的教室。Lunchwasover.Thestudentsreturnedtotheirrespectiveclassroom.Lunchover,thestudentsreturnedtotheirrespectiveclassroom.无线电里在高声播放爵士乐，吵的那个老人睡不着觉。Theoldmancouldfallasleep.Theradiowasblaringoutjazz.Thejazzwasloudenoughtowakethedead.→Theoldmancouldnotfallasleepwiththeradioblaringoutjazzloudenoughtowakethedead.由于爵士乐响个不停，那个老人没有睡好觉。Theoldmandidnotsleepwell.Jazzwasonandonbelowhiswindow.TheoldmandidnotsleepwellwithJazzonandonbelowhiswindow.她匆忙去上班，床没铺，门没关。Sherushedofftowork.Herbedwasunmade.Thedoorwasunlocked.Sherushedofftowork,(with)bedunmade,anddoorunlocked.■用同位语合并句子◆短语作同位语【例1】我们不得不学英语，它仍然是当今世界最重要的语言。WehavetolearnEnglish.Itisstillthemostimportantlanguageinthepresentworld.WehavetolearnEnglish,stillthemostimportantlanguageinthepresentworld.【例2】我们第一次见面是星期一，那是开学的第一天。ThedaywemetforthefirsttimewasMonday.Itwasthefirstdayaftertheschoolbegan.ThedaywemetforthefirsttimewasMonday,thefirstdayaftertheschoolbegan.【例3】全体中国人民都怀有一个共同的愿望：将自己的祖国建成世界上最强大的国家。AlltheChinesepeoplecherishonewish.Thewishistoturntheirmotherlandintothemostpowerfulcountryintheworld.→AlltheChinesepeoplecherishonewish—toturntheirmotherlandintothemostpowerfulcountryintheworld.【例4】汉斯·贝特是一位才华横溢而极有魅力的理论家，他解释了为什么恒星会发光，并为原子弹和氢弹的开发奠定了基础。HansBethwasabrilliantandengagingtheorist.Heexplainedhowstarsshineandlaidthefoundationfordevelopmentofboththeatomicandhydrogenbombs.→HansBeth,abrilliantandengagingtheorist,explainedhowstarsshineandlaidthefoundationfordevelopmentof1boththeatomicandhydrogenbombs.【例5】西安是一座历史悠久文化灿烂的城市，每年吸引来自世界无数的游客。Xianisacityfamousforitslonghistoryandbrilliantculture.Itattractsnumeroustouristsfromallovertheworld.→Xian,acityfamousforitslonghistoryandbrilliantculture,attractsnumeroustouristsfromallovertheworld.◆同位语从句作同位语被同位语从句修饰的名词有以下特点：多为概括性名词；以单数出现；由于其对等的动词，而这些动词都跟that引导的宾语从句。动词recommendinsistfearhopeadviseanswerpromise名词recommendationinsistencefearhopeadviceanswerpromise动词supposeassumereplyreportorderforecastdeclare名词suppositionassumptionreplyreportorderforecastdeclaration动词requiresuggestprovedecidethinkconcludeknow名词requirementsuggestionproofdecisionthoughtconclusionknowledge动词announceproposeremarkdiscoverbelievepredictpronounce名词announcementproposalremarkdiscoverybeliefpredictionpronouncement(fact,news,rumor,evidence,opinion,doubt等)【例1】他的确讲一口流利的汉语，但这不意味着他是中国人。HespeaksgoodChinese.Butthisdoesnotme...