浅论人口红利消失后中小企业所面临的问题及转型升级［摘要］中国劳动力资源丰富和成木优势已经使我国成为世界工厂和世界经济增长的引擎，但由此也引出了一个令人担忧的问题：当“人口红利”期结束的时候，我国经济繁荣还能维系多久呢？我们的中小企业将会面临什么样的经济形势？本文从人U红利的定义及内涵岀发，指出人口红利消失后中小企业的影响，及中小企业转型升级的紧迫性,从而进一步分析中小企业转型升级的有效途径。［关键字］人口红利消失中小企业转型升级TheupgradingofSMESwhichfacedonproblemsafterthedisapearanceofpopulationbonus[Abstract]ChinahasabundantlaborresourcesandcostadvantageshavemadeChinatheworld'sfactoryandtheworld'seconomicgrowthengine,butthisalsoraisesaworryingquestion:Whenthe’’demographicdividend*'endoftheperiod,China’seconomicprosperitybutalsotomaintainlongit?OurSMEswillfacewhatkindofeconomicsituation?Fromthedefinitionandconnotationofthedemographicdividend,pointsouttheimpactofthedemographicdividenddisappearanceofSMEs,andSMEstoupgradetheurgencytofurtheranalyzethetransformationandupgradingofSMEseffectiveway.[Keyword]disapearanceofpopulationbonusSMESupgrading目录弓IB..................................................................................................................................................................................1—、什么是人口红利...............................................................................................1（一）....................................................................................................................................人口红利的定义1（二）..............................................................................................................我国人口红利的三个发展阶段2二、人口红利消失后对中小企业的影响......................................................................2（一）................................................................................................人LI红利消失后中小企业面临用工荒3（二）..............................................................................................人口红利消失后中小企业人力成本增高3二、我国中小企业现阶段所面临的主要问题..............................................................4（一）.............................................................................................................“三高一低”，粗放型发展方式4（二）.....................................................................................................劳动生产率低，人均制造增加值低4（三）..............................................................................................技术创新能力十分薄弱，缺乏核心技术4（M）竞争优势的层次底下.......................................................................................................5（五）.................................................................................................制造业管理水平低，产业结构不合理5（六）.......................................................................................................................职业技术工人严重缺乏5三、中小企业的转型及升级迫在眉睫.........................................................................6（一）.........................................................................................从OEM向ODM转型，建立企业自主品牌6（二）....................................................................................从“弱、小、散”向“提高产业集屮度战略”转型7（...