毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：基于经济学的交通拥挤问题的思考文献、资料英文题目:文献、资料：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期：2017.02.14ThinkingofTrafficCrowdinginEconomicViewAbstract：Trafficisanimportantresource•Withinmanyreasonsoftrafficcrowding.Thearrangementofpropertyrightofroadsisofprimaryimportance.Illegibilityofpropertyrightisthefundamentalreasonofroadscrowding.Duetotrafficcrowding,thevolumeindeedismorethanthatofinneed.Andthereexistsexcessiveusingofroads.CrowdingisresultedfromthefailuretoallocateroadresourceThelossduetotrafficcrowdingappearsaswasteoftrafficresourceandreductionofbenefitofeconomy.Tosolvetheproblem,itneedsnotonlyconstructionofroadbutalsocontrollingthetrafficdemand.Itisofmostimportancethatthepropertyrightofroadsshouldbearrangedrenewedinthecaseofsystem.Economically.Thispaperexplainsthetrafficcrowdingandanalysestrafficcrowdingproblems.Ittriestofindareasonablewayforsolvingtheproblemofcrowdingaccordingly.Keywords：Trafficcrowding；Systemofpropertyright；Managementofdemand；StrategyEconomicExplanationandAnalysisonRoadTrafficCrowdingEconomicExplanationofRoadTrafficCrowdingTakingurbantrafficcrowdingasallexample-Theaveragetimethattheresidentstakeonthebustotheirworkingplacesis10minutes,iffewpeopletakecars,therewillbenoaffecttotheoneswhotakebuses.Butiftoomanycarsgototheroadsintherushhours,whichwillcausetrafficcrowdingontheroads,thenthetimetheyspendinthecarsontheirwaytotheirworkingplaceswillnotonlybeshortened,butbeprolongedandlongerthantakingbuses,thatis,15minutes,whilethetimefortakingbusesontheirwaytotheworkingplaceswillbe25minutes.Fromthissimpleexample,wecananalyzetheprerequisitesandreasonsforthetrafficcrowding.Thebasicreasonliesinthearrangementoftheroadpropertyright.Aslongastheroadpropertyrightbelongstothegovernment,theroadpropertyrightwillnotbeclearlydetermined.Theobscurepropertysystemisthebasicreasonofthetrafficcrowdingontheroad.Whenthepropertyrightisnotdetermined,theroadareabsolutelypublics,sothefeecollectionforthepublicswillbecomeverydifficult.Thebiggestdifficultyisthattheycannotconsiderthecostwhentheyareusingtheroads,andtheyneednotbearanyresponsibilityforusingtheroads.Furthermore,theyneednotconsiderthelong-termdevelopmentissuesoftheroads,suchascapitalpayback,maintenanceandre—production.Toeachowneroftheautomobile.Thismotiveandbehaviorcausedbytheroadpropertyrightarrangementobviouslyembodiedonthepointofviewofthecost.EconomicAnalysisoftrafficCrowdingTothedrivers,theycannotseethewholecostfordrivingout,andneglectthefactthatitisbecauseoftheirjoininginthedrivingflowthatmakestheothervehicleslowertheirspeedtheownersofthecarsjustcalculatetheirmarginalpersonalcost,andtheyneverconsidertheextracosttootherearownersduetotheincreasingofroadcrowdinglevel.Aslongasthepersonaldrivingbenefitisthanthemarginalpersonalcost,theindividualswillcontinuouslyjoininthedrivingflows.Intheeyesofeachindividuahthemarginalpersonalcost(MPC)ofhimselfisalwayslowerthantheactualexpensesoccurredtoothersduetothejoiningofhiscar,thatis,themarginalsocialcost(MSC),sothecostforthecrowdingequalstothebalanceobtainedbyMSCminusMPC.Thecharacteristicoftheurbantrafficdemandcausestheroadresourcetobeun-sufficientlyusedinthenon一rushhoursandover-crowdedintherushhours.Actually,thetrafficvolumeintherushhoursthatisdeterminedbytrafficdemandcurveandm...