Fundingforthisprogramisprovidedby...Additionalfundingprovidedby...Thisisacourseaboutjusticeandwebeginwithastory.Supposeyou'rethedriverofatrolleycar,andyourtrolleycarishurtlingdownthetrackatmilesanhour.Andattheendofthetrackyounoticefiveworkersworkingonthetrack.Youtrytostopbutyoucan't,yourbrakesdon'twork.Youfeeldesperatebecauseyouknowthatifyoucrashintothesefiveworkers,theywillalldie.Let'sassumeyouknowthatforsure.Andsoyoufeelhelplessuntilyounoticethatthereis,offtotheright,asidetrackandattheendofthattrack,thereisoneworkerworkingonthetrack.Yoursteeringwheelworks,soyoucanturnthetrolleycar,ifyouwantto,ontothesidetrackkillingtheonebutsparingthefive.Here'sourfirstquestion:what'stherightthingtodo?Whatwouldyoudo?Let'stakeapoll.Howmanywouldturnthetrolleycarontothesidetrack?Raiseyourhands.Howmanywouldn't?Howmanywouldgostraightahead?Keepyourhandsupthoseofyouwhowouldgostraightahead.Ahandfulofpeoplewould,thevastmajoritywouldturn.Let'shearfirst,nowweneedtobegintoinvestigatethereasonswhyyouthinkit'stherightthingtodo.Let'sbeginwiththoseinthemajoritywhowouldturntogoontothesidetrack.Whywouldyoudoit?Whatwouldbeyourreason?Who'swillingtovolunteerareason?Goahead.Standup.Becauseitcan'tberighttokillfivepeoplewhenyoucanonlykillonepersoninstead.Itwouldn'tberighttokillfiveifyoucouldkillonepersoninstead.That'sagoodreason.That'sagoodreason.Whoelse?Doeseverybodyagreewiththatreason?Goahead.WellIwasthinkingit'sthesamereasonon/withregardtothepeoplewhoflewtheplaneintothePennsylvaniafieldasheroesbecausetheychosetokillthepeopleontheplaneandnotkillmorepeopleinbigbuildings.Sotheprincipletherewasthesameon/.It'satragiccircumstancebutbettertokillonesothatfivecanlive,isthatthereasonmostofyouhad,thoseofyouwhowouldturn?Yes?Let'shearnowfromthoseintheminority,thosewhowouldn'tturn.Yes.Well,Ithinkthat'sthesametypeofmentalitythatjustifiesgenocideandtotalitarianism.Inordertosaveonetypeofrace,youwipeouttheother.Sowhatwouldyoudointhiscase?Youwould,toavoidthehorrorsofgenocide,youwouldcrashintothefiveandkillthem?Presumably,yes.Youwould?-Yeah.Okay.Whoelse?That'sabraveanswer.Thankyou.Let'sconsideranothertrolleycarcaseandseewhetherthoseofyouinthemajoritywanttoadheretotheprinciple"betterthatoneshoulddiesothatfiveshouldlive."Thistimeyou'renotthedriverofthetrolleycar,you'reanonlooker.You'restandingonabridgeoverlookingatrolleycartrack.Anddownthetrackcomesatrolleycar,attheendofthetrackarefiveworkers,thebrakesdon'twork,thetrolleycarisabouttocareenintothefiveandkillthem.Andnow,you'renotthedriver,youreallyfeelhelplessuntilyounoticestandingnexttoyou,leaningoverthebridgeisaveryfatman.Andyoucouldgivehimashove.Hewouldfalloverthebridgeontothetrackrightinthewayofthetrolleycar.Hewoulddiebuthewouldsparethefive.Now,howmanywouldpushthefatmanoverthebridge?Raiseyourhand.Howmanywouldn't?Mostpeoplewouldn't.Here'stheobviousquestion.Whatbecameoftheprinciple"bettertosavefivelivesevenifitmeanssacrificingone?"Whatbecameoftheprinciplethatalmosteveryoneendorsedinthefirstcase?Ineedtohearfromsomeonewhowasinthemajorityinbothcases.Howdoyouexplainthedifferencebetweenthetwo?Yes.Thesecondone,Iguess,involvesanactivechoiceofpushingapersondownwhichIguessthatpersonhimselfwouldotherwisenothavebeeninvolvedinthesituationatall.Andsotochooseonhisbehalf,Iguess,toinvolvehiminsomethingthatheotherwisewouldhaveescapedis,Iguess,morethanwhatyouhaveinthefirstcasewherethethreeparti...