考点15初中语态基本考点动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。考向一：被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone过去进行时Was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone过去完成时had+donehad+beendone过去将来时would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone课堂练习：根据要求改写句子1.TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.(改为被动语态）Benforhishonestytheheadmaster.2.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.(改为被动语态)Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.3.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.(改为被动语态）AnewshirtJackbyMother.4.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.(改为被动语态）Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.5.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.(改为被动语态）Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.6.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?(改为被动语态）CanbysomeagedChinese?7.Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.(改为被动语态）Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.8.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?(改为被动语态）Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.9.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.(改为主动语态)TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.10.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.(保持原句意思)Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.考向二：被动语态的句法功能1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。e.g.:Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.(类似warmingup中的“饭吃过了”，英汉说话习惯的相似性)2.当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，找到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！总结：上面例句的小规律：△主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语（执行者）（承受者）被动语态：主语+be+过去分词（+by+执行者）（承受者）一般省略当堂练习：用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。1.Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.2.Atlastthetwopictures(hang)sidebyside.3.TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.4.Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.5.Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?6.Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.7.Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.8.Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould(memorize)..9.Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.10.Thenextmorningthey(find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.考向三：主动语态和被动语态的转换1.主动语态变为被动语态①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者6．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；②...