从“社区参与”走向“社区增权”—开平碉楼与村落为例王纯阳1,2,黄福才3(1.五邑大学管理学院,江门529020;2.广东侨乡文化研究中心,江门529020;FROMCOMMUNITYINVOLVEMENTTOCOMMUNITYEMPOWERMENT——ACaseStudyofKaipingWatchtowerandVillagesWANGChun-yang1,2,HUANGFu-cai3(1.SchoolofEconomicsManagemen,WuyiUniversity,激angmen3358395,China;2.GuangdongOverseasChineseCultureResearchCenter,激angmen529020,China;3.SchoolofManagement,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen361005,China)Abstracts:Communityresidentsplayanimportantroleintourismimageofvillageheritagesites,whoseattitudesandbehaviorshaveadirectimpactontourists'experienceandfeelingsandimpressionondestination.However,communityinvolvementhasn'trealized,anddegreeofinvolvementandlevelofinvolvementaregenerallylowintourismdevelopmentpractice.Communityresidentsareengagedinnon-technicalorsemi-skilledworkwhichinvolveineconomicactivitiesandseldominterveneinmanagementanddecision,andtheyarelackofinvolvementandinterestsaredamagedinpolitics,economicsandsociety,whichresultincultureheritage,canbeeffectivelyprotected.Communityinvolvementisanindividualandpassiveprocess.Subjectpositionofcommunityresidentsinessenceisignored,whichisthereasonthatinvolvementofcommunityresidentsfailinpractice.Therefore,onlyiftherightandsystemframeworkwillbesetupbycommunityempowerment,subjectpositionofcommunityresidentsarebehighlightedintourismdevelopment.Communityempowermentextendsfurthercommunityinvolvement,whichisanimportantwaytopromotevalidityofcommunityinvolvement.Tomakecommunityinvolvementbeputintopracticeaswell,thecommunityresidentsshouldbeempoweredinthedifferentaspects.Thispaperanalyzesthepresentsituationandproblemsofcommunityinvolvementintourismdevelopmentandputsforwardcommuniyempowermentincludingeconomicalempowerment,psychologicalempowerment,socialempowermentandpolicticalempowermenttofindeffectivemeanstocommunityinvolvement,whichwillprovideascientificevidencefortourismadministrativedepartmenttomakeapolicy.Keywords:villageheritagesites;communityinvolvement;communityempowerment提要:社区增权是社区参与内涵的进一步拓展,是提升社区参与有效性的重要途径。要使社区参与真正落到实处,使社区居民能够真正获益于旅游发展,通过从经济、心理、社会和政治等四个不同层面实现增权,探索村落遗产地提高社区参与有效性的途径,以期为旅游行政管理部门科学制定决策提供理论依据和实践建议。关键词:村落遗产地;社区参与;社区增亟需通过不同层面的增权,凸显社区居民在旅游开发中的主体地位。鉴于此,本研究以开平碉楼与村落为例,分析了旅游开发中社区参与现状及问题,并提出中国分类号:F592文献标识码:A基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目(11YJC630201);广东省自然科学基金项目(10152902001000005);广东高校优秀青年创新人才培养计划(育苗工程)项目(WYM10102)作者简介:王纯阳(1979—),女,湖南岳阳人,博士,副教授,研究方向为遗产旅游。E-mail:wangchu4004@yahoo。收稿日期:2011-10-26;修订日期:2012-04-02HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.28.No.12013/2141---本文于网络,仅供参考,勿照抄,如有侵权请联系删除---日益增强,增权理论扩展运用到旅游领域。在国外,Akama最早在对肯尼亚生态旅游的研究中提出了对社区居民增权的必要性[3]。Scheyvens正式将增权理论引入到生态旅游研究中,认为旅游增权的受体应当是目的地社区,并提出了一个包含政治、经济、心理、社会4个维度在内的社区旅游增权框架[4]。Sofield进一步深化了旅游增权的概念[5]。与国外相比较,国内学者在旅游增权研究起步较晚,研究成果较少,尤其是针对村落遗产地社区增权研究甚少。盖媛瑾等对贵州天龙屯堡和郎...