Greeninfrastructure:landscapearchitecture’sopportunityforleadershipinurbansustainabilityinChina绿色基础设施：景观设计师引领中国城市走向可持续的良机杰克·亚恒/JackAHERNAbstract:GreeninfrastructureisanewurbanplanninganddesignconceptthatrepresentsanunprecedentedopportunityforChineselandscapearchitectswhereissuesconcerningplanninganddesignforthesustainabilityareofurgentimportance.ThestakesarehighasChinadevelopsnewinfrastructureatahistoricallyunprecedentedpace.Chinahasthespecialopportunityto“leadthewaytosustainability”bybuildinga21stcenturymodelofsustainableinfrastructure.ThemainargumentpresentedisthatlandscapearchitectshavethepotentialtotakeleadershipinthetheoryandpracticeofgreeninfrastructureinChinabecauseoftheirknowledgeof;ecologicalsystemsandecosystemservices,human/culturalneeds,andthetechnicalmeansandpracticesbywhichurbanenvironmentsarebuiltandmanaged.Characteristicsofgreeninfrastructureareofferedandkeychallengesdiscussed.Examplesofgreeninfrastructureininternationalpracticearepresentedtoillustrategreeninfrastructureconceptsatarangeofscales,andincontextsfromurbancenterstoperi-urbanareas.摘要：绿色基础设施是一种全新的城市规划与设计的概念，对中国景观设计师来说，当可持续性的规划与设计处于十分重要的地位时，它意味着前所未有的机会。当前中国正以历史上前所未有的速度建设其基础设施，风险是巨大的，但通过建设21世纪的可持续基础设施，中国将拥有独特的机会去“引领可持续设计”。景观设计师对生态系统、生态系统服务、人文需求、城市环境建设和管理方面的理论技术方法和实践都有深厚的了解，因此他们有潜力在中国的绿色基础设施的理论与实践中成为领军人物。此文将会讨论绿色基础设施的主要特征和关键问题，所涉及国际案例将阐述不同尺度、不同城市背景下的绿色基础设施概念。关键词：Keywords:1.Introduction1.引言Infrastructureiscommonlyusedtodescribeanadministrative,ormanagementsystemthatsupportsaspecificfunctionorservice.Infrastructurealsoreferstothephysicalsystemsthatsupportlargescalepublicfunctions,suchastransportation,communicationorenergygenerationanddistribution.Commontothesetwodefinitionsisthegeneralunderstandingofinfrastructureasanunderlyingfoundation,orstructuralsystem,whichsupportsspecificsocialorphysicalfunctionsandservices.Infrastructureiswidelyunderstoodasthefundamentalandessentialsupportorganizedandmanagedtomakethemodernworldfunction–andifthe21stCenturyworldistofunctioninamoresustainablemanner,infrastructurewillplayacentralrole.基础设施通常用来描述具有具体支持功能或服务功能的行政管理系统，也指支持大尺度公共功能的物质系统，如运输、通讯、能源生产及分配等。与上述定义相类似的通常理解是把基础设施作为一种根本基础，或称为结构系统，这一系统支持具体的社会物质功能和服务。基础设施被广泛认为是使得现代社会得以正常管理和运转的最基础和最重要的角色，因此，其在21世纪的可持续发展中将扮演重要角色。2.EcosystemandLandscapeServicesandGreenInfrastructure2.生态系统、景观服务与绿色基础设施Recently,theconceptofgreeninfrastructurehasbeenusedinrelationtolandscapesandphysicalsystemsthatsupporttheprovision,orsupportofecologicalandenvironmentalprocessesandservicesinsupportofsustainability.Thisusageaddsanothermeaningtotheadministrativeandfunctionalmeaningsofinfrastructuredescribedabove.BenedictandMcMahon(2006,p.1)definegreeninfrastructureas"aninterconnectednetworkofnaturalareasandotheropenspacesthatconservesnaturalecosystemvaluesandfunctions,sustainscleanairandwater,andprovidesawidearrayofbenefitstopeopleandwildlife."Thiscommonl...