汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点【摘要】目的:探索汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点。方法:整群抽取武汉市3所小学3-5年级儿童820人,根据ICD-10诊断标准,采取分层检测的策略筛查出阅读障碍儿童55名。按1∶2配比选取年龄、性别、家庭经济状况相似的正常儿童110名进行配对研究,采用儿童汉语阅读障碍量表(DyslexiaChecklistforChineseChildren,DCCC)对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童的阅读特点进行评估。结果:汉语发展性阅读障碍的筛出率为6.7%;阅读障碍组儿童DCCC8因子得分均高于正常对照组儿童(15.2±3.7/10.1±3.3、21.6±3.7/13.4±4.9、16.1±3.5/10.6±3.7、16.8±3.6/11.7±3.1、15.9±3.9/11.5±3.5、21.4±4.3/14.5±4.6、14.9±3.7/9.4±2.8、23.2±4.4/15.9±4.7,P均<0.001)。回归分析表明,各个因素的OR值均具有显著性意义(P均<0.001),但只有听知觉进入方程(OR=2.00);DCCC各项得分的性别间比较显示,正常儿童男生各因子分数均高于女生(P<0.05),而阅读障碍儿童仅口语能力得分男生低于女生(15.3±3.7/17.8±4.1,t=-2.057,P=0.045)(P<0.05)。DCCC各项得分的年级间比较显示,正常儿童各因子得分年级间差异均有显著性,而阅读障碍儿童的听知觉、意义理解、书写技能、阅读习惯因子得分年级间差异有显著性,三年级各项得分均为最高。结论:汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在阅读中各个环节均受损害,但以听知觉损害为主。【关键词】发展性阅读障碍;病例对照研究;儿童:B844.1、G441文献标识码:A:1000-6729(2007)05-00295-03TheReadingFeaturesofChineseChildrenwithDevelopmentalDyslexiaLUShan,WUHan-RongDepartmentofChildandAdolescentHealth,MaternityandChildHealthCare,SchoolofPublicHealth,TongiiMedicalCollege,HuazhongUniversityofScienceTechnology,Wuhan430030【Abstract】Objective:Toexplorethereadingfeatureofdevelopmentaldyslexia.Methods:820childrenofgrade3~5in5primaryschoolsinWuhanCitywereselectedbyclustersampling;fifty-fivechildrenwithdevelopmentaldyslexiawerescreenedoutaccordingtoICD-10.Onehundredandtennormalchildrenwiththesameage,sexandsocioeconomicstatuswerechoseascontrol.Results:Theprevalencerateofdevelopmentaldyslexiais6.7%.Thescoreof8itemsofDCCC(DyslexiaChecklistforChineseChildren)ofdevelopmentaldyslexicsweremostlysignificantlyhigherthanthatofnormalchildren(15.2±3.7/10.1±3.3,21.6±3.7/13.4±4.9,16.1±3.5/10.6±3.7,16.8±3.6/11.7±3.1,15.9±3.9/11.5±3.5,21.4±4.3/14.5±4.6,14.9±3.7/9.4±2.8,23.2±4.4/15.9±4.7,allwithP<0.001).Theconditionallogisticanalysissuggestedthatauditoryperceptioncansignificantexplainthedevelopmentaldyslexia(OR=2.00,95%CI1.40-2.86,P<0.001).Thereweresignificantsexdifferenceofthescoreofdevelopmentaldyslexiaandcontrol.Innormalchildren,boyshadhigherscoreandsubscoresofDCCCthangirls(data);butindyslexicchildren,boyshadlowersubscoreinoralabilitythangirls(15.3±3.7/17.8±4.1,t=-2.057,P=0.045),therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweendyslexicboysandgirlsinothersubsores.Conclusion:TherearedeficitsineverysideofreadinginChinesedevelopmentaldyslexics,andthemainproblemisauditoryperceptiondisorder.【Keywords】developmentaldyslexia;case-controlstudy;children发展性阅读障碍是指儿童智力正常,并且享有均等的教育机会,但是阅读成绩显著落后于其年龄与年级所应达到水平的一种学习障碍现象。学龄儿童的发展性阅读障碍发生率为5%-10%[1],是一种最常见的学习障碍,严重阻碍了儿童各方面能力的全面发展。目前,汉语发展性阅读障碍的研究尚处于起步阶段。本研究对汉字阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点作初步探索。1对象和方法1.1对象在武汉市随机抽取3所普通小学,在每所小学3~5年级采取整群抽样的方法,抽取学生820人。其中,男生427人(52.1%),女生393人(47.9%)。全部入选者均智力发育正常(IQ≥80),右利手...