TEXT69Apredictablecrisis可预见性危机(陈继龙编译)Oct12th2006FromTheEconomistprinteditionJOHNREIDbecamehomesecretarybecauseofaprisons_________①.Hispredecessor,CharlesClarke,wasforcedtoresigninMayafteradmittingthatsome1,000foreignprisonerswhooughttohavebeenconsideredfordeportationhadbeenfreed.(1)ThisweekMrReidfacedaprisoncrisisofhisown,madeworsebynewfiguresshowingthatoffendersreleasedearlyfromjailonelectronictagshavecommittedmorethan1,000seriouscrimes.约翰·里德是因为一桩监狱丑闻而成为英国内政大臣的。今年5月,他的前任查尔斯·克拉克在承认释放了大约1000名本应考虑驱逐出境的外籍犯人之后被迫辞职。本周,里德自己也面临着监狱危局,而且当有最新数据表明提前获释、并装有电子追踪标记的罪犯又犯下了一千多宗严重罪行后,情况变得更为糟糕。Intheory,thejailsofEnglandandWalescana_________②justover80,000people.ByOctober6ththeywerejust210shortofthatlimit.Theobviousremedies—crammingtwopeopleintocellsbuiltforone,lettingmoreprisonersoutonprobationandmovingconvictsfarfromtheirfamilies—havealreadybeentaken.So,last-ditch[1]measureswereputinplacethisweek.Some500policecellswillbeusedforprisoners.(2)Foreignconvicts'appealsagainstdeportationwillnolongerbecontested,inordertoliberatetheirbeds.Otherswillbepaidtogohome.理论上讲,英格兰和威尔士的监狱能够容纳8万余人。截至10月6日两所监狱仅差210人就会达到饱和。有关方面已经采取了补救措施,如在单身牢房中关押2人、对更多的犯人实行监外察看以及将罪犯转移到远离其家人的监狱。本周又出台了一系列最后的补救措施。大约500间警察局的狱室将用于监禁犯人。为了腾出外籍罪犯占用的床位,其反对被驱逐出境的请求也将有求必应。有的罪犯则会在拿到一笔钱后被遣送回家。Thisisoneofhistory'slesssurprisingcrises.(3)Bythelate1990sHomeOfficestatisticianswerenotonlypredictingarapidriseinprisonernumbers,butalsoerring[2]onthesideofpessimism.Eightyearsago,whentheprisonpopulationwasjustabove65,000,thedepartmentpredictedthatitwouldriseto83,000by2005.In2002thestatisticians'forecastswerealsotoopessimistic.Yetthepoliticiansstillappeartohavebeencaughtbysurprise.历史表明,这场危机并不值得大惊小怪。20世纪90年代末,英国内政部统计人员就曾预测犯人数量将快速增长,而且不惜做出了最坏的打算。8年前监狱人口总数刚刚超过6.5万,统计部门预测到2005年这一数字将升至8.3万。2002年,统计人员的预测结果同样十分悲观,但政治家们却好像又吓了一跳。Onereasontheprisonsarefullisthattherearemorepoliceofficers—141,000,comparedwith122,000in2000.(4)Theycannowgoaftercrimesthatarehardtocrackbutattractlongsentences,suchasdrug-trafficking.Thenumberofpeopleinprisonfordrugoffenceshastrebledsince1994.And,whiletheoverallcrimerateinEnglandandWalesisimproving,itmaybethatsomecriminalsareworse.CindyBarnett,aLondonmagistrate,reckonsthed_______③sheseesaremoreviolentandhavegraverdrugproblemsthesedays.Thathelpstoexplainwhymagistratessent27%ofrobbersstraighttoprisonin2004—upfromjust10%in1993.监狱人满为患的原因之一是警察增多了——2000年是12.2万,而现在是14.1万。他们可以(有充足的人手)忙于一些难以侦破、但有望判处重刑的案子,如毒品交易。1994年以来,在押毒犯数量已经增长了3倍。而且,当英格兰和威尔士的总体犯罪情况好转之时,某些罪犯的犯罪情节却越来越恶劣。伦敦地方法官辛迪·巴内特认为,如今她所见过的那些被告更为暴戾,涉毒问题也更为严重。因此,2004年地方法官为何将27%的抢劫犯都直接送进大牢(1993年仅为10%)就不难解释了。Inthepastfewyears,theHomeOfficehasprodded[3]judgesandmagistratestopunishserious,violentoffendersmoreheavily,whileencouragingthemtogoe...