地理-分类词汇．自然地理physicalgeography经济地理economicgeography地理政治论geopolitics民族志ethnography宇宙志cosmography宇宙论cosmology地理学geology地名学toponymy海洋学oceanography气象学meteorology山志学orography水文学hydroaraphy植被vegetation地形,地貌relief气候climate地球,大地Earth宇宙Universe,cosmos世界world地球仪globe地壳earth,globe大陆continent陆地terrafirma海岸coast群岛archipelago半岛peninsula岛island平原plain谷地valley(小)草原meadow(大)草原prairie湖泊lake池塘pond沼泽marsh,bog,swamp小湖smalllake泻湖lagoon荒原moor,moorland沙漠desert沙丘dune绿洲oasis(南美)大草原savanna,savannah原始森林virginforest大草原steppe冻原tundra地图map世界地图mapoftheworld平面球形图planisphere挂图wallmap,skeletonmap示意图skeletonmap平面图map,plan,chart地图集atlas海图chart地籍簿cadastre比例尺scale测绘学topography摄影测量学photogrammetry基本方位cardinalpoints罗盘compassrose子午线,经线meridian纬线parallel经度longitude纬度latitude赤道equator北回归线TropicofCancer南回归线TropicofCapricorn二分线equinoctialline北极Northpole南极Southpole极圈polarcircle北的northern南的southern寒带glacialzone温带temperatezone热带torridzone天顶zenith海拔高度heightabovesealevel海sea远海highseas,opensea大洋ocean小湾inlet海湾,湾bay海湾gulf湾cove海角cape海角,岬promontory,headland悬崖峭壁cliff港(美作:harbor)port,harbour碇泊处bay,roadstead沙滩sandbank海滩beach,shore海峡strait地峡isthmus礁石reef暗礁key沙洲sandbar潮tide浪wave回头浪undertow风暴tempest涌浪groundswell海震,海啸seaquake最低水位lowwater领海,领水territorialwaters冰川icefloe冰山iceberg海岸shore河岸bank湖港区estuary三角洲delta河口mouth,ria峡湾flord水流current,watercourse小溪stream,brook湍流山溪torrent急流rapids源头source泉spring河床bed洪水flood泛滥flow河水猛涨,涨水swelling,freshet流域basin瀑布waterfall,falls,cascade大瀑布cataract支流tributary汇合点confluent河曲meander运河canal干谷wadi,wady山脉mountainrange,mountainchain山脉的交结点knot山mountain,mount山丘massif陡峭的山峰mountaincrest山顶,峰summit,top,crest山顶,巅peak山口mountainpass,col高山highestpeak山嘴spur,ridge山坡slope,side火山volcano熔岩lava活火山activevolcano山谷ravine,canyon羊肠小道narrowpass峡谷gorge断裂crevice悬崖precipice冰川glacier平原plateau,tableland高原highplateau小山,山岗hill小丘hillock圆丘knoll岩石rock