独立主格结构中的非谓语动词用法独立主格结构的基本形式是“名词或代词+形容词（副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等）”。本文主要归纳“名词或代词+非谓语动词”这一结构的用法。1.名词或代词+不定式其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。如：Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。Somanypeopletohelphim,heissuretosucceed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。Wedividedthework,hetodeanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。2.名词或代词+现在分词其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。如：Sheranuptome,herhairflyinginthewind.她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。Weexploredthecaves,Peteractingasaguide.由彼得作向导，我们探查了那些洞穴。Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。注：有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况。如：Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,it’swindowoverlookingthesportsground.他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。3.名词或代词+过去分词其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义。如：Everyonehelped,Johnnotexcepted.大家都来帮忙，约翰也不例外。Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。Thisdone,theynextsettocleantheroom.做完这件事之后，他们接下来就开始清理房间。Shegazed,herhandsclaspedtoherbreast.她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。【现学现用】1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_________inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.Allthings_________,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.A.consideredB.consideringC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered3.Theriver_________inthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.A.toriseB.roseC.havingrisenD.beingrisen4.Moretime_________,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.A.togiveB.giveC.beinggivenD.given5.Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weather_________.A.permetsB.permittingC.topermitD.permitted6.Themonitor_________ill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff.A.beingB.tobeC.beenD.tohavebeen7.Animportantlecture_________giventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.A.tobeB.beingC.beenD.tohavebeen8.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishands_________underhishead.A.tocrossB.crossedC.crossingD.tobecrossing9.Tom_________lateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.A.havingbeenB.beenC.tobeD.tobeing10.Otherthings_________equal,Iwouldbuytheblackdressnotthewhiteone.A.beingB.tobeC.beenD.havingbeen【参考答案】1—5CACDB6—10AABAA