结论:以拇指指背皮瓣、前臂外侧皮神经营养血管为蒂的逆重度虎口挛缩外科治疗探析[摘要]目的:分析应用外科皮瓣修复虎口重度挛缩的临床疗效,探讨重度虎口挛缩的治疗与康复。方法"995年8月〜2006年12月,对31例重度虎口挛缩患者应用拇指指背皮瓣、前臂外侧皮神经营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣,股前外侧皮瓣转移或移植的方法进行修复。结果:31例转移皮瓣及游离皮瓣全部成活,术后随访2~3年,原虎口挛缩畸形都得到了完全或接近正常的矫正,拇指捏握、外展、对掌功能有明显的改善,虎口外形良好,可完成拇指外展对掌功能。行岛状皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣修复重度虎口挛缩,手术简便安全,损伤小,效果好。应根据患者损伤机制、局部软组织条件、虎口畸形程度选择适宜的手术方案。[关键词]外科皮瓣;岛状皮瓣;前臂外侧皮神经;虎口挛缩[中图分类号]R687[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1673-7210(2008)02(c)-046-03ThereasonandtherapyofseverethumbwebcontractureZHUWu1,YUANShao-yin2,CHENLi-Na2,JIAXiao-jun2(1.ZhuhaiWomenandChildren'sCareandHealthInstitute,GuangdongProvince,Zhuhai519015,China;2.ZhuhaiHospitalofGuangdongChineseHospital,Zhuhai519015,China)[Abstract]Objective:Toexploretheclinicalresultsofmoderateandseverethumbwebcontracturetreatedwiththreetypesofflaps.Methods:31patientswerediagnosedasseverecontracturesofthethumbwebspaceaccordingtoSandzenandYu-dongGu'sstandard.10caseswerereconstructedwithforearmislandfasciocutaneousflap,and17caseswerereconstructedwithdorsalfasciocutaneousflapofthumb,and4caseswerereconstructedwithAnterolateralthighflap.Afteroperationcurativeeffectswereevaluatedbymeasuringhandsfunctionandthethumbwebspace.AIIofthecasesarisefromAugust1995toDecember2006inourhospital.31caseswerefollowedupfortwotothreeyears.Results:Alloftheflapssurvivedcompletely.Theflapsensationwasgoodandithadgoodappearanee.Theoppositionfunction,abductorfunction,andadductorfunctionwerenormal.Thefunctionofthefirstmetacarpophalangealjointandtreatmentoutcomeweresatisfactory.Conclusion:Treatmentofthumbwebcontracturewithflapisaneffectiveandsatisfactoryoutcomes・Severecontracturesofthumbwebspacecouldbeaugmentedbythethreetypesofflaps,howevereachtechniquehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,sosuitableprojectwereselecteddependingonthestateofthethumb,thepossiblepresenceofscartissueandtheextentofthethumbwebdeformity.[Keywords]Flapsjlslandskinflap;Anterolateralforearmcutaneousnerve;Thumbwebcontracture多种因素可导致虎口挛缩发生,其中重度挛缩多源于虎口部位的严重创伤,常合并深部组织复合伤,临床处理困难[1~6]o本文总结了31例重度虎口挛缩的治疗经验,对其治疗方法进行初步探讨。1资料与方法1.1一般资料广东省珠海市妇幼保健院骨科和广东省中医院珠海医院骨科于1995年8月~2006年12月共收治中重度虎口挛缩患者34例,男27例,女4例,年龄14〜45岁,平均28.3岁。所有虎口挛缩病例均为创伤后软组织挛缩所致,右手15例,左手16例,其中,爆炸伤1例,刀砍伤4例,电锯伤本项研究纳入标准按顾玉东[7]分类法:①轻度为与健侧3例,机器压轧伤23例。1.2诊断标准|=|比相差1/3以内;②中度为相差1/3-1/2;③重度相差1/2以上。虎口距男性正常为左侧(64.5±1.2)mm,右侧(68.5±1.2)mm,女性正常为左侧(59.4±0.4)mm,右侧(60.3±1.4)mmo其中8例为中度挛缩,其余23例均为重度挛缩。1.3治疗方法手术步骤包括:虎口开大,瘢痕松解或切除、虎口深部结构修复和重建、创面修复等环节。1.3.1虎口开大,瘢痕松解及深部结构修复虎口挛缩皮肤首先以五瓣成形术切开,单纯松解或切除皮肤和筋膜组织瘢痕能获虎口开大者2例;需同时行拇收肌切断或Z成形延长者3例;拇收肌及背侧骨间肌同时切断者10例;拇收肌、背侧骨间肌和拇短屈肌深头同时切断者11例;拇收肌、背侧骨间肌和拇短屈肌深头同时切断、第一腕掌关节...