摘要本文简要回顾了汽车减振器的发展史，阐述了目前国内外减振器的发展现状，介绍了悬架的分类和各自的特点，概述了传统液阻力减振器的结构、工作原理；着重分析了磁流变、电流变等新型减振器的结构、工作原理以及各自的性能和特点，并通过对比分析，更清楚地认识到磁流变减振器的优越性；结合电控悬架对减振器性能提出的要求和国内外最新研究成果，综述了磁流变、电流变减振器的悬架控制策略，指出应着重研究复合、实用、稳定的控制方法。最后就未来减振器的发展趋势作出了展望。总之，传统减振器的发展研究对目前仍有十分重要的意义，文本就传统减振器的改进进行了探讨，认为传统减振器仍有很大的发展潜力；磁流变、电流变等新型减振器具有广阔的前景，但还需就如何改善其性能、结构工艺以及悬架的整合问题作进一步的研究。关键词：传统减振器磁流变减振器电流变减振器悬架控制发展AbstractThisthesisbrieflyreviewsthedevelopingofthevehicledamper,discussesthecurrentdevelopmentstatusofthedamperonbothdomesticandabroad,introducesthesortofsuspensionandtheirrespectivecharacteristic,summarizestheconfigurationandworkingprincipleofthetraditionaldamper,emphasizestheconfiguration,workingprinciple,theirperformanceandcharacteristicoftheMagneto-rheologicalandElectro-rheological,Moreover,throughcomparingandanalysing,theadvantageofMagneto-rheologicalfluiddamperisclearlyshown,Italsosumsupthesuspensioncontrolstrategiestogetherwithrequirementoftheelectriccontrolsuspensionperformancesandthenewestfruit,atthesametime,itpointsoutthatitmustemphasizetostudyofthecompound,practicalandstablethecontrolmethods.Atlast,itprovidestheexpectationofthedamperinthefuture.Inaword,thedevelopmentandinvestigationofthetraditionaldamperareofgreatsignificance;thethesisdiscussestheimprovementsoftraditionaldamper,therearestillpotentialsforit.FurthermoretherearemorespacefortheMagneto-rheologicalandElectro-rheologicaltodevelop.However,theyneedfurtherinvestigationwiththeperformance,configurationtechnicandthesuspensioncombination.Keywords：Traditionaldamper,Magneto-rheologicalfluiddamper,Electro-rheologicalfluiddamper,suspensioncontrol,development目录前言1汽车悬架系统……………………………………………………………………………11．1悬架的组成和功用……………………………………………………………………11．2悬架的分类……………………………………………………………………………31．3减振器的发展…………………………………………………………………………52传统减振器………………………………………………………………………………72．1传统被动减振器………………………………………………………………………72．1．1双向作用筒式减振器的构造和原理……………………………………72．1．2充气式减振器的构造和原理……………………………………………82．2传统可调减振器………………………………………………………………………92．2．1有级可调式减振器…………………………………………………………………92．2．2无级可调式减振器………………………………………………………………123新型减振器………………………………………………………………………………133．1压电式减振器的结构和原理…………………………………………………………133．2电流变减振器的结构和原理…………………………………………………………143．2．1电流变液的组成…………………………………………………………143．2．2电流变液的基本特性……………………………………………………153．2．3电流变减振器的工作原理………………………………………………173．2．4电流变减振器的特性分析………………………………………………183．3磁流变减振器的结构和原理…………………………………………………………213．3...