设施蔬菜瓶颈及对策探究摘要：连作障碍、流通环节的弊端已成为设施蔬菜产业的两大瓶颈，限制其效益的同时破坏着生态环境，深入、细致研究这两大瓶颈的成因及对策是蔬菜产业必须解决的重要课题。本文论述了连作障碍成为设施蔬菜的第一瓶颈在生产实际中的普遍性，从土壤理化性状、养分平衡、次生盐积累、土壤酸化、微生物群落变化、植物自毒作用等方面着重分析了连作障碍的形成原因及发生规律，在此基础上，从合理轮作、科学施肥、应用嫁接技术三大方面阐述了克服连作障碍的技术措施。通过对连作障碍的论述从保护生态环境这一髙度确立了蔬菜的科学种植的重要性，从反面论述了滥用化肥农药等不科学做法的危害性。提出了设施蔬菜产业的另一瓶颈即流通环节所存在的弊端和隐患，全面论述了蔬菜安全检测的重要性和优质蔬菜、普通蔬菜、问题蔬菜的价值,指出蔬菜食品安全应以国家法律法规和奖罚制度加以约束，促使广大生产者重视提高产品品质、改善土壤生态环境、避免连作障碍。关键词：设施蔬菜；连作障碍；流通：S432文献标志码：A:1008-1038(2016)11-0040-05StudyontheEottieneckandCountermeasureofFacilityVegetableWANGXi-ming,WANGLi-hua(AgriculturalTechnologyExtensionCenterofHuaianCity,激angsuProvince,Nanjing223200,China)Abstract：Continuouscroppingobstacleomdcirculationdrawbackshavebecomethetwomajorbottleneckoffacilitiesvegetables,whicharelimitingitseffectivenessatthesametimedestroyingtheenvironment.Depthanddetailedstudyonthesetheauthorandcountermeasuresvegetableproductionisanimportantissuethatmustbeaddressed.Inthis,discussesthefirstbottieneckcontinuouscroppingobstaclesinvegetablefacilitytobecomeuniversalintheactualproductionfromthesoilphysicalandchemicalproperties,nutrientbalance,secondarysaltaccumulation,soilacidification,changesinmicrobialcommunities,plantsandotheraspectsAutotoxicityfocusesonthecontinuouscroppingoccurrencecausesandbarriers・Onthisbasis,fromtherotationsystem,scientificfertilization,applica.tionofthreeaspectsgraftingtechniquedescribedcontinuouscroppingobstaelestoovercometechnicalmeasures・Throughcontinuouscroppingobstaclediscussion,fromprotectingtheenvironmenttoestablishtheimportaneeofthishighlyscientificcultivationofvegetables,fromtheoppositesidediscussedtheabuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticidesandotherunscientificpracticesharmfu1.Proposedfacilityvegetableanothermajorbottleneckthatisthecirculationofthedrawbacksandrisks,acomprehensivediscussionoftheimportaneeofsafetytestingofvegetablesandhigh-qualityvegetables,commonvegetables,vegetablestatusissuesinsociallife,pointingoutthatfoodsafetyshouldbevegetablesnationallawsandregulationsandtherewardandpunishmentsystemtobebound,themajorityofproducerstopromotetheimportanceofimprovingproductquality,improvesoilecologicalenvironment,avoidcontinuouscroppingobstacles・Keywords：Facilitiesvegetables；continuouscroppingobstacles；circulation设施蔬菜已成为目前农业上最活跃、最广泛、最普及的蔬菜生产方式。但随着棚龄的增长，影响蔬菜生长的因素越来越多，尤以连作障碍为甚，直接影响着设施蔬菜的产量质量，是目前蔬菜生产的主要瓶颈；而设施蔬菜最终效益的另一个瓶颈则是不够合理的流通体系。前者涉及到蔬菜的生理生长，后者涉及到设施蔬菜的生产导向，忽略其一不可[1-3]o只有对连作障碍和流通弊端的成因加以深刻研究剖析，才能整理出一系列可控可操作且行之有效的防范防治体系，从源头上开始治理，才能真正逐步解决蔬菜产业的瓶颈问题，使蔬菜产业逐步走上健康发展的绿色轨道，进入饮食安全可靠、经济效益良好的良性循环圈。1连作障碍的成因及发生连作障碍是指在同一块土壤连续种植同一种作物或近亲缘作物时，即使在正常的栽培条件下也会出现生长势变弱、病虫害加剧...