論文名稱(中文)臺灣侵襲性綠膿桿菌對碳氫黴烯類抗藥性之特性分析論文名稱(英文)Characteristicsofcarbapenem-resistanceamonginvasivePseudomonasaeruginosainTaiwan研究生(中文)陳沭勝研究生(英文)Shu-ShengChen中文摘要綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa)不只造成嚴重的公共衛生問題,其對於革蘭氏陰性菌感染最後一線抗生素的碳氫黴烯抗生素(carbapenems)感受性亦在減少。我們先前的研究發現VIM-2變異型的VIM-3是臺灣最常見的carbapenemase。本研究中,我們收集2000年元月至2011年2月間,臺灣兩間醫學中心全數82株自血流感染所分離出抗carbapenem綠膿桿菌,以調查臺灣carbapenem抗藥性綠膿桿菌的盛行率與特徵。以瓊脂稀釋法得知菌株對不同抗生素之感受性,帶有carbapenemase的菌株以表現型檢驗與PCR基因篩選測定,CCCP用於輸出幫浦抑制試驗,AmpC大量表現與廣效性AmpC活性的菌株以cloxacillin抑制試驗調查,及imipenem通道蛋白oprD基因的定序與重組分析。Aztreonam、cefepime、ceftazidime、ciprofloxacin、gentamicin及levofloxacin抗藥性比率,各為53.7、61.0、57.3、47.6、42.7及50.0%。共有3株VIM-2、3株VIM-3、2株OXA-10及2株OXA-17菌株;AmpC大量表現與ESAC(extended-spectrumAmpC)菌株各有31.7%及11.0%;僅1株為CCCP輸出幫浦抑制試驗陽性;OprD胺基酸多樣性、蛋白質截斷、蛋白質序列延長及插入序列,各為34.1%、32.9%、12.2%及6.1%。後天獲得的碳氫黴烯水解酶(11.0%),並非本研究主要抗藥機轉,OprD功能性缺失可能為主要的抗藥機轉(81.7%),但ESAC活性、AmpC大量表現及CCCP敏感的輸出幫浦亦參與臺灣綠膿桿菌對carbapenem抗藥機轉。英文摘要Pseudomonasaeruginosanotonlycausesseriouspublichealthproblemsbutalsobecomeslesssusceptibilitytocarbapenems,thelastlineofantimicrobialagentsagainstmulti-drugresistantGram-negativebacterialinfection.OurpreviousstudyhasfoundthattheacquiredVIM-3carbapenemase,avariantofVIM-2,wasthemostprevalentcarbapenemaseinP.aeruginosainTaiwan.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheprevalenceandcharacteristicsofcarbapenem-resistantP.aeruginosaisolatesinTaiwan.Atotalof82carbapenem-resistantP.aeruginosaisolatesobtainedfrombloodstreaminfectionwerecollectedfromtwomedicalcentersinTaiwanbetween2000Januaryand2011February.Thesusceptibilityofvariousantimicrobialagentswasdeterminedbyagardilutionmethod.ThephenotypictestsandgenotypicPCRscreeningdetectedcarbapenemaseproducers.Carbonylcyanidem-chlorophenylhydrazonewasusedfortheeffluxpumpinhibitiontest.AmpCoverproducerandextended-spectrumAmpCactivitywereinvestigatedbythecloxacillininhibitionassay.Genesequencingandopenreadingframealignmentofimipenemchannelporingene,oprD,wasanalyzed.Theresistanceratetoaztreonam,cefepime,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin,gentamicin,andlevofloxacinwere53.7,61.0,57.3,47.6,42.7,and50.0%,respectively.Overall,2VIM-2,3VIM-3,2OXA-10,and2OXA-17isolatesweredetermined,respectively.AmpCoverproducerandESAC(extended-spectrumAmpC)strainwere31.7%and11.0%,respectively.Onlyoneeffluxpumpinhibitionassaypositivestrainwasidentified.Aminoacidpolymorphisms,truncation,elongationandinsertionsequencesinOprDwere34.1%,32.9%,12.2%,and6.1%,respectively.Acquiredcarbapenemhydrolyzingenzymes(11.0%)arenotthedominantcarbapenemresistantmechanisminourstrains.ThefunctionallossofOprDispossiblethemajorresistantmechanism(81.7%),butESACactivity,AmpCoverproductionandCCCP-sensitiveeffluxpumpsalsocontributetocarbapenemresistanceinP.aeruginosainTaiwan.