TheChineseCharacter论中国人的性格ThereisatheoryamongOccidentalsthattheChinamanisinscrutable,fullofsecretthoughts,andimpossibleforustounderstand.ItmaybethatagreaterexperienceofChinawouldhavebroughtmetosharethisopinion;butIcouldseenothingtosupportitduringthetimewhenIwasworkinginthatcountry.西方人中间有一种论调:中国人不可思议,满脑子的神秘思想,我们难以理解。如果到中国去长期生活体验一下,可能也会使我抱这样的观点。但是,依我在那个国家讲学期间的所见所闻,并没有发现有任何迹象可以证明这种论点是正确的。OneofthemostremarkablethingsabouttheChineseistheirpowerofsecuringtheaffectionofforeigners.AlmostallEuropeanslikeChina,boththosewhocomeonlyastouristsandthosewholivethereformanyyears.InspiteoftheAnglo-JapaneseAlliance,IcanrecallhardlyasingleEnglishmanintheFarEastwholikedtheJapaneseaswellastheChinese.Thosewhohavelivedlongamongthemtendtoacquiretheiroutlookandtheirstandards.Newarrivalsarestruckbyobviousevils:thebeggars,theterriblepoverty,theprevalenceofdisease,theanarchyandcorruptioninpolitics.EveryenergeticWesternerfeelsatfirstastrongdesiretoreformtheseevils,andofcoursetheyoughttobereformed.中国人最博得人们赞赏的品质之一,是他们把握外国人感情的能力。不论是到中国去旅游的,还是多年居住在那儿的,几乎所有的外国人都喜爱中国人。尽管英日两国结成联盟,但是我想不起哪一个孤身在远东的英国人,会像喜爱中国人那样喜爱日本人。只有那些在他们中间长期生活的人,才能获得自己的看法和标准。初来乍到中国,一定对那里显而易见的弊端感到震惊:乞丐成群,贫穷惊人,疾病横行,社会混乱,政治腐败。每个有正义感的西方人,无不首先强烈地期待中国人能革除这些弊端。中国理所当然地应进行改革。TheChinese,fromthehighesttothelowest,haveanimperturbablequietdignity,whichisusuallynotdestroyedevenbyaEuropeaneducation.Theyarenotself-assertive,eitherindividuallyornationally;theirprideistooprofoundforself-assertion.TheyadmitChina’smilitaryweaknessincomparisonwithforeignPowers,buttheydonotconsiderefficiencyinhomicidethemostimportantqualityinamanoranation.Ithinkthat,atbottom,theyalmostallbelievethatChinaisthegreatestnationintheworld,andhasthefinestcivilization.AWesternercannotbeexpectedtoacceptthisview,becauseitisbasedontraditionsutterlydifferentfromhisown.Butgraduallyonecomestofeelthatitis,atanyrate,notanabsurdview;thatitisinfact,thelogicaloutcomeofaself-consistentstandardofvalues.ThetypicalWesternerwishestobethecauseofasmanychangesaspossibleinhisenvironment,thetypicalChinamanwishestoenjoyasmuchandasdelicatelyaspossible.ThisdifferenceisatthebottomofmostofthecontrastbetweenChinaandtheEnglish-speakingworld.在中国,从最高层到最底层,有一种不可扰动的尊严,而这种尊严甚至连欧洲的教育也不能破坏。他们不是自大,无论是个人或全国性的;他们是那么的自信而非自大。他们承认中国的军事同外国相比较起来很弱小,但他们并不认为自杀效率是一个人或一个民族最重要的品质。我认为,处于底层的人,他们几乎都认为,中国是世界上最伟大的国家,并具有最优秀的文明。西方人是无法接受这种观点,因为这和他的传统意识的完全违背的。但是逐渐的你会认识到,不论在任何层面上来说那并不是个荒唐的观点,也就是说事实上,这是一个基于始终不变的信仰的逻辑输出结果。典型的西方人,希望自己可以是影响周围环境变化最大最多的因素,而典型中国人希望尽可能多享受和微不足道。这种差别是处于中国和西方国家对比的最底层,即最基本的比较。