Unit2CloningPeriod4GrammarTeachingaims:1.Enablethestudentstoknowwhattheappositiveis,whatcanbeappositives.2.Helpthestudentslearnhowtouseappositiveclauses.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:Howtouseappositiveclauses.Teachingmethods:Analysis,judgmentanddiscussions.Teachingaids:blackboardandacomputerTeachingprocedures:Step1Explanation1.TheAppositive(同位语):定义:两个或两个以上的语言单位，在句子中处于同一层次上,即表示同一个任务或事物,而且它们所指的内容相同,句法功能相同,他们之间的关系就构成同位关系,其中把后项叫做前项的同位语.2.充当同位语的结构有：nounphrase，pron，V-ing，疑问+todo,Adj.作为名词，Verbphrase，Prep.phrase，clause.Step2Practiceunderlinetheappositivesinthefollowingsentencesandtellwhatactsasappositive.1.ThisisMr.Zhou,ourschoolmaster()2.Yourbrother,aproudman,refusedallhelpthatwasgoingtohim.()3.HerparentsbothunderstandEnglish.()4.Shedoesn’tlikemyfavoriteexercise,swimming.()5.Theproblem,howtostudyEnglishwell,madehimworried.()6.Allthepeople,oldandyoung,knowsthestory.()7.Theoldladyalwaysmurmurs---thatis,speaksinaverylowvoice.()8.Mostpeoplecomefromthenorth,thatis,fromJilinProvinceStep3Explanation1.Appositiveclause(同位语从句):简单地说，同位语从句就是后面那句话是前面这个名词的具体的内容。比如说：我有个通知：明天放假。Ihaveanoticethattomorrowisfree.这句话中,tomorrowisfree就是notice的具体的内容,是同位语从句。2.能用于同位语从句前的名词有：ability,patience,anxiety,answer,order,report,wish,decision,suggestion,belief,doubt,fact,hope,message,news,promise,question,reply等等。3.同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别：1)同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如：a)听说他们的队赢了，他们很高兴。Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwonb)消息就是他们队赢了。Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon2)从引导词来看：引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。例如：a)Thefactorythatwevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.定语从句b)ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.同位语从句3)同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语与其先行词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词从句之间加系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够有系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。例如：Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.ThebeliefisthattheearthisflatStep4Practice考试往往这样考:1.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionneed____.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;tobeimprovedD.when;improving3.There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what4.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo____Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whicheverStep5Practice巩固提高：1.Hiscentralideais____thelosersdonotwritehistory.A.XB.becauseC.thatD.whether2.Ithink___certainthatshewilldowellinherexam.A.thatB.thisisC.itD.what’s3.Weshouldstickto___istrue.A.whichB.thatC.anythingwhichD.whatever4.Youwillfindnomistake____I’vewritten.A.whatB.inwhatC.withwhatD.that5.Thereisaruleinourschool____nooneispermittedtosmoke.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Hedidn’tknowwhichroom_____.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheyliveinStep6HomeworkFinishexercises2and3onP14inyourtextbooks
