语气：语气的定义和种类、虚拟语气的套用规则第一部分：语气的定义和种类1语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：①Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每个问题都有两个方面。②Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老师啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：①Neverbelateagain!再也不要迟到了。②Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.别忘了关灯。⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：①IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。②IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。③Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！虚拟语气的套用规则非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形例句：Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词例句：Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.混合条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodono（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题：_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.特殊的虚拟语气词：should1）Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型：(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat…+(should)do(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strange，apity,ashame,nowonder(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorro2）在宾语从句中的应用：在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require...