备作业4.3.2对数的运算[A级基础稳固]1.若lgx=lga+2lgb-3lgc,则x=()A.a+2b-3cB.a+b2-c3C.D.解析:选C∵lgx=lga+2lgb-3lgc=lg,∴x=,故选C.2.设a=log32,则log38-2log36用a表示的形式是()A.a-2B.3a-(1+a)2C.5a-2D.-a2+3a-1解析:选A∵a=log32,∴log38-2log36=3log32-2(log32+1)=3a-2(a+1)=a-2.3.计算(log312-2log32)=()A.0B.1C.2D.4解析:选Blog64+log63=log64+log63=log62+log63=log66=1,log312-2log32=log312-log34=log33=1,∴·(log312-2log32)=1,故选B.4.若lgx-lgy=t,则lg3-lg3=()A.3tB.tC.tD.解析:选Alg3-lg3=3lg-3lg=3lg=3(lgx-lgy)=3t.5.计算(log32+log23)2-的值为()A.log26B.log36C.2D.1解析:选C原式=(log32)2+2log32×log23+(log23)2-(log32)2-(log23)2=2.6.lg+lg的值是________.解析:lg+lg=lg=lg10=1.参考答案:17.若logab·log3a=4,则b的值为________.解析:logab·log3a=,所以lgb=4lg3=lg34,所以b=34=81.参考答案:818.已知lga,lgb是方程2x2-4x+1=0的两个根,则2=________.解析:由题意得lga+lgb=2,lga·lgb=,则2=(lga-lgb)2=(lga+lgb)2-4lga·lgb=22-4×=2.参考答案:29.用logax,logay,logaz表示下列各式:(1)loga(x2yz);(2)loga;(3)loga.解:(1)loga(x2yz)=logax2+logay+logaz=2logax+logay+logaz.(2)loga=logax2-loga(yz)=2logax-(logay+logaz)=2logax-logay-logaz.(3)loga=loga-loga(y2z)=logax-2logay-logaz.10.计算:(1)2log32-log3+log38;(2)log3(9×272)+log26-log23+log43×log316.解:(1)原式=log34-log3+log38=log39=2.(2)原式=log3(32×36)+log2+log43·2log34=log338+log22+2=11.[B级综合运用]11.根据有关资料,围棋状态空间复杂度的上限M约为3361,而可观测宇宙中普通物质的原子总数N约为1080.则下列各数中与最接近的是(参考数据:lg3≈0.48)()A.1033B.1053C.1073D.1093解析:选D由已知得,lg=lgM-lgN≈361×lg3-80×lg10≈361×0.48-80=93.28=lg1093.28.故与最接近的是1093.12.(一题两空)设a,b,c为正数,且满足a2+b2=c2.(1)log2+log2=________;(2)若log4=1,则=________.2解析:(1)原式=log2=log2=log2=log22=1.(2)由log4=1,得-3a+b+c=0,∵a,b,c均为正数,∴=3.参考答案:(1)1(2)313.已知x,y,z为正数,且3x=4y=6z.(1)求使2x=py成立的p的值;(2)求证:.解:(1)设3x=4y=6z=k(显然k>0且k≠1),则x=log3k,y=log4k,z=log6k,由2x=py得2log3k=plog4k=p·,因为log3k≠0,所以p=4log32.(2)证明:=-=logk6-logk3=logk2=logk4==.[C级拓展探究]14.若a,b是方程2(lgx)2-lgx4+1=0的两个实根,求lg(ab)·(logab+logba)的值.解:原方程可化为2(lgx)2-4lgx+1=0.设t=lgx,则方程化为2t2-4t+1=0,∴t1+t2=2,t1·t2=.又∵a,b是方程2(lgx)2-lgx4+1=0的两个实根,∴t1=lga,t2=lgb,即lga+lgb=2,lga·lgb=.∴lg(ab)·(logab+logba)3=(lga+lgb)·=(lga+lgb)·=(lga+lgb)·=2×=12,即lg(ab)·(logab+logba)=12.知识改变命运4