独立主格结构常见类型及其用法该结构是一种独立成分，相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词。该结构不是句子或从句，其内部的动词无时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间无并列连词或从句引导词，常用逗号与其主句隔开。在很多情况下它可转化为相应的状语从句或其它状语形式，但要注意其内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致的情形。一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing。这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：1.__________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas2._______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas3._______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen4.______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis2、逻辑主语+V-ed。该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：1._________,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalC.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving2.__________,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignalwasgiven3._________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords4.______________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.Beingexplainednewwords3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）。该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：1.___________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions2._________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions3.________,we’dliketogoouting.A.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK4.___________,we’dliketogoouting.A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC5._________,youcanwaitawhile.A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonC.BeingstillontheplayD.AandB6._________,soyoucanwaitawhileA.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillon4、逻辑主语+介词短语。该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：1.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere,___________.A.aswordinhandB.aswordinhishandC.BeingaswordinhandD.swordinhand2.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere___________.A.withaswordinhishandB.withaswordinhandC.withaswordbeinginhandD.aswordbeinginhand3.Helefttheoffice,__________.A.tearsbeingineyesB.tearsineyesC.beingtearsineyesD.withtearsbeingineyes4.Helefttheoffice__________.A.withtearsbeingineyesB.withtearsinhereyesC.beingtearsineyesD.tearsbeingineyes二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语。该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1.________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.AstherewasC.TherewasD.AandB2._________Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.ItbeingB.AsitisC.BeingD.AandB3.____________,Ihadtoaskfortwodays’leave.A.MotherbeingillB.BotherillC.AsmotherwasillD.A,BandC4.____________,wehavetoworklateintothenight.A.TheexamnearB.TheexambeingnearC.AstheexamisnearD.A,BandC2、时间状语：相当于一个由when,assoonas,after等引导的时间状语从句。如：1.__________,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.AfterthesignalwasgivenC.GiventhesignalD.AandB2.__________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.NewwordsexplainedB.WhennewwordswereexplainedC.WhenteacherexplainednewwordsD.allabove3、条件状语。此时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如...