高油油菜品种中油杂11的分子辅助选育及广适应性李云昌，胡琼，梅德圣，李英德，徐育松，谭祖猛（中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/国家油料作物改良中心/农业部油料作物遗传改良重点实验室，武汉430062）摘要：【目的】利用现代生物技术提高油菜育种效率，培育高产油量广适应性新品种，提升中国油菜品种的技术水平和产业的核心竞争力。【方法】利用陕2A细胞质雄性不育为授粉控制系统,经杂交、测交和回交，并结合分子标记遗传距离评估预测杂种优势等方法选育甘蓝型油菜杂交种中油杂11，并对其产量、含油量和稳定性进行鉴定。【结果】中油杂11具有高含油量、高产、稳产、优质、适应性广等特点，其含油量在中国冬油菜主产区长江上、中和下游3个生态区稳定在43%以上，高的年份（2003～2004年度）可达46%以上。在湖北省区域试验中，平均产量为2853kg·ha-1，比对照中双6号增产11.34%。在全国的长江上、中、下游油菜品种区域试验中平均产量分别为2405.7，2697.3和2770.2kg·ha-1，比各区的对照品种分别增产11.52%，12.9%和14.92%，均达极显著水平；以产油量计算，分别达到1083.3，1210.2和1224.8kg·ha-1，比对照分别增加29.42%，27.65%和20.98%。【结论】利用SSR结合SRAP分子标记估算油菜亲本间的遗传距离，可以较好地预测杂种优势，从而增加杂交种配制的目的性，有效提高杂交油菜育种的效率。关键词：甘蓝型油菜；杂种优势预测；中油杂11；产油量；适应性MolecularAssistedBreedingandAdaptabilityAnalysisofZhongyouza11withHighOilContentLIYun-chang,HUQiong,MEIDe-sheng,LIYing-de,XUYu-song,TANZu-meng(InstituteofOilCropResearch,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences/NationalCenterforOilCropsImprovement/KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalMinistryforOilCropsImprovement,Wuhan430062)Abstract:【Objective】Theincreaseofbreedingefficiencyanddevelopmentofnewvarietieswithhighoilyieldandwideadaptabilityensuretheelevationofcompetitivepowerofrapeseedvarietiesandindustry.【Method】Usingathree-linesystemofShaan2Acytoplasmicmalesterility,arapeseedhybridvarietyZhongyouza11withhighgrainyield,highoilcontent,wideadaptabilityandgoodqualitywasdevelopedbythecombinationoftraditionalmethodsandamolecularmarkerassistedbreedingtechnique.【Result】TheoilcontentofZhongyouza11issteadilyabove43%inthethreeecologicalregionsalongYangtzeRivervalleyreacheswhichisthelargestwinteroilseedproductionareainChina.ThehighestoilcontentofZhongyouza11reached46.68%(intheupperreachofYangtzeRivervalleyin2003-2004),whichisthehighestamongalllinesinvolvedinthenationalregionaloilseedrapevarietytrials.IntheyieldtrialsinHubeiprovince,theaverageyieldofZhongyouza11reached2853kg·ha-1(2002-2004),overyieldingthecontrolvarietyZhongshuang6by11.34%.Inthenationaltrials,theyieldofZhongyouza11reached2405.7kg·ha-1,2697.3kg·ha-1and2770.2kg·ha-1intheupper,middleandlowerreachregions,overyieldingtherespectivecontrolvarietiesby11.52%,12.9%and14.92%,respectively,in2003-2005.BoththehighoilcontentandhighgrainyieldcontributedtothehighoilyieldofZhongyouza11.TheoilyieldofZhongyouza11inthenationaltrialsreached1083.3kg·ha-1,1210.2kg·ha-1,1224.8kg·ha-1,overyieldingtherespectivecontrolsby29.42%,27.65%and20.98%,respectively,intheupper,middleandlowerreachesofYangtzeRivervalley.Thehighestoilyieldreached1369.65kg·ha-1(inthemiddlereachofYangtzeRivervalley,2003-2004),increasedby46.21%comparedtothecontrol.TheexperimentalsitesdistributedwidelyalongtheYangtzeRivervalleycoveringmostofChinesewinterrapeseedproductionarea.Among89experimentallocation/years,theyieldofZhongyouza11surpassedthecontrolsat77oftheminthetrials,indicatingwideadaptabilityofthisvariety.Zhongyouza11hasbecometheonlyo...