【词义辨析】acknowledge,admit,confess,recognize,concede这些动词均含“承认”之意。acknowledge:通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错。admit:强调因外力或良心驱使或经判断而明确承认，多含不情愿或被迫意味。confess:语气较强，着重承认自己意识到的错误或罪行，含坦白忏悔的意味。recognize:作“承认”解时，系书面用词，主要指合法的或外交上的承认，也指公认。concede:指在事实与证据面前勉强或不得不承认。独立主格结构状语有时可以由一个名词（代词）和另一成分构成的复合结构充当，称为独立（主格）结构。独立结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式和介词是主谓关系。独立结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常有逗号与主句分开。需要特别注意的是，独立结构与句子之间不能使用任何连词。一、独立主格结构的构成1.名词(代词)+现在分词Thestormhavingdestroyedtheirhut,theyhadtoliveinacave.Nightfalling,wehurriedhome.2.名词(代词)+过去分词Helayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.Thisdone,wewenthome.3.名词(代词)+形容词Shecameintotheroom,herearsredwithcold.Thefloorwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutside.4.名词(代词)+副词Heputonhissockswrongsideout.Themeetingover,weallwenthome.5.名词(代词)+不定式Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.注意：不定式表示将来的动作。6.名词(代词)+介词短语Hewalkedoutofthecamp,rifleinhand(=witharifleinhishand.)Shecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderherarm.二、独立结构在句中的作用1．时间状语Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.（=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.）2．条件状语Weatherpermitting,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorro(=Ifweatherpermits,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorro)3．原因状语Thestormdrawingnear,theworkerdecidedtostopworking.(=Sincethestormwasdrawingnear,theworkerdecidedtostopworking.)4．伴随状语Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.(=Hesatinthefrontrowandhismouthwashalfopen.)三、其它形式的独立结构1．在以上所讲的独立结构前加with,这种结构在句中可作：1）伴随状语Withtheyoungmanleading,theystartedtowardthemountain.Thesoldiersmarchedforward,withgunsontheirshoulders(=gunonshoulder).Heusedtosleepwiththewindowopen.2)原因状语Hefeltuneasywiththewholeclassstaringathim.WithTomaway,wehavegotmoreroom.3）时间状语Witheverythingwellarranged,helefthisoffice.2．It形式的独立结构（表示自然现象、时间、距离或环境状况等）ItbeingMonday,thelibraryisclosed.Itbeingspring,manykindsofflowerscomeout.3．倒装结构（即在独立结构中，逻辑主语在后）1)therebe形式Therebeingnobusortaxi,wehadtogohomeonfoot.2)such形式Suchbeingthecase,shehadnothingtosay.3)介词短语形式Inthesandbeingthemarkofaman’sfoot,Crusoestaredatit,fulloffear.独立结构练习I.指出下列句子中的独立结构1.Infrontofthehousewasatalltree,itstopwellabovethetopsoftheothertrees.2.Themid-termexaminationwasover,thefinalexaminationtocomeintwomonths.3.Theboystoodthere,hiseyesfulloftears.4.Ayoungpolicemanstoodinthestreet,holdingalittleredflag,hisfaceredwithcold.5.Theteachersatinherchair,surroundedbyherstudents,ahappylookinhereyes.6.Withnothingtoeat,hediedofhunger.7.Atallmancameintothebank,wearingapairofdarkglasses,hisfacehiddenbyanupturned(翻起的)collarandacappulledoverhisbrows.8.Maryleftlefttheofficewithtearsinhereyes.9.Suchbeingthecase,youhavenoreasonsfordismissinghim.10.Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreast,andhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.II.用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误1.Beingfreezingcold,shehadtodressherselfinwarmclothes.2.Havingfinishedhishomework,wewenth...