独立主格结构独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。表示时间Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.表示条件Theconditionbeingfavourable,hemaysucceed.表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.表示伴随情况Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.形式1>一般独立主格形式:形式为:n.+-ed/-ing形式;n.+不定式;n.+介词短语;n.+形容词;n.+副词.;名词/主格代词+现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。如：Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn'tknowwhattosay.名词/主格代词+过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。如：Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。名词/主格代词+不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.名词/主格代词+形容词如：Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。名词/主格代词+副词如：Heputonhissweaterwrongsideout.他把毛衣穿反了。名词/主格代词+介词短语如：Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand.with引导的独立主格:形式为:with+n.+-ed/-ing形式;with+n.+abj.;with+n.+介词短语With+名词/主格代词+不定式表将来With+名词/主格代词+过去分词被动完成With+名词/主格代词+现在分词主动进行独立主格结构专项练习二、.单项填空1.Themeeting____over,wealllefttheroom.（上海1987）A.isB.tobeC.beingD.wouldbe2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,it___themostpopularsportintheworld.（NMET1998）A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake3.___suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.（NMET2001）A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered4.Thefish____bad,thechildrenleftmuchofit.A.tasted,untouchedB.tasting,untouchedC.tasting,untouchingD.tasted,untouching5.___fromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.WhenyoujudgedD.Becauseyoujudge6.Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking7.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork______,wedidn’taccepttheoffer.A.notbeingfinishedB.nothavingfinishedC.hadnotbeenfinishedD.wasnotfinished8.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each______itsownproperties(特性).A.hasB.hadC.tohaveD.having9.Theoldmanstoodunderabigtree,______.A.apipeinmouthB.withapipeinmouthC.pipeinmouthD.pipeinhismouth10.Theproduction______steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial.A.hasgoneupB.isgoingupC.havinggoneupD.beinggoneup答案如下：1.C2.A3.A4.A5.B6.B7.A，但是最好是nothavingbeenfinished8.D9.C10.C非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。动词不定式动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：时态/语态主动语态被动语态一般时todotobedone进行时tobedoing完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行时tohavebeendoing动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。一般式（谓语动词同时发生）doingbeingdone完成式（谓语动词发生之前）havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expec...