第1页共12页产前超声诊断胎儿室管膜下囊肿【摘要】目的探产前超声对胎儿室管膜下囊肿的诊断价值。方法对产前超声发现的42例胎儿室管膜下囊肿声像图特征及预后进行回顾性分析。结果42例胎儿室管膜下囊肿均于中晚孕期发现，囊肿在头颅横切面时位于侧脑室前角外侧或侧脑室前角与体部交界处的外侧；在头颅冠状面时可见位于侧脑室前角和体部下方；在头颅旁矢状切面时可见位于尾状核头与丘脑交界的室管膜下区，壁薄，边界清，部分内可见分隔，无血流信号，直径3～18mm；单侧发生13例，双侧发生29例；单发囊肿19例，多发囊肿23例。合并其他颅内及颅外发育异常4例，均引产；单纯性室管膜下囊肿38例，引产2例；20例孕妇行产前超声复查，囊肿消失2例，复查间隔平均孕4周，34例产后颅脑超声检查或磁共振（MR）检查，均证实室管膜下囊肿。随访至出生后1～3个月体检未见发现异常。第2页共12页结论胎儿室管膜下囊肿有明确的发生部位及特征性声像图表现，产前超声可以基于明确的发生部位及特征性声像图表现对胎儿室管膜下囊肿进行诊断。单纯性室管下囊肿的预后短期随访未发现异常。【关键词】胎儿；室管膜下囊肿；超声检查；预后DOI：10.14163/ki.11-5547/r.2017.09.013PrenatalultrasoundindiagnosisoffetalsubependymalcystsWANGXiao-hua.DepartmentofUltrasound，ZhongshanCityAffiliatedBoaiHospitalofSouthernMedicalUniversity，Zhongshan528400，China【Abstract】ObjectiveToinvestigatediagnosticvaluebyprenatalultrasoundforfetalsubependymalcysts.MethodsAretrospectiveanalysiswasmadeonultrasonogramfeaturesandprognosisin42fetalsubependymalcystscasesdetectedbyprenatalultrasound.ResultsAll42casesof第3页共12页fetalsubependymalcystswerediscoveredinmiddle-latepregnancy.Headcrosssectionshowedcystsoutsideanteriorhornoflateralventricleoroutsidejunctionofanteriorhornoflateralventricleandsomaticpart；headcoronalplaneshowedcystsunderneathanteriorhornoflateralventricleandsomaticpart；lateralheadsagittalsectionshowedcystsunderneathependymainjunctionofheadofcaudatenucleusandthalamus，withthinwall，clearboundary，separationinsomecysts，nobloodflowsignal，anddiameteras3～18mm.Therewere13unilateralcasesand29bilateralcases；19caseswithsinglecystsand23caseswithmultiplecysts.Therewere4inducedlaborcaseswithothercomplicatedintracranialandextracranialdysplasia.Among38caseswithsinglesubependymalcysts，therewere2inducedlaborcases.第4页共12页Among20casesinprenatalultrasoundreexaminationbyequispaced4weeks，therewere2caseswithdisappearedcysts.All34casesinpostnatalcraniocerebralultrasoundexaminationormagneticresonanceexaminationwereconfirmedassubependymalcysts.Follow-uptillpostnatal1～3monthsshowednoabnormality.ConclusionDuetospecificoccurrencesiteandcharacteristicultrasonogrammanifestationoffetalsubependymalcysts，prenatalultrasoundcanprovidediagnosisoffetalsubependymalcystsonthebasisofitsspecificoccurrencesiteandcharacteristicultrasonogrammanifestation.Short-termprognosisfollow-upforsinglesubependymalcystsshowsnoabnormality.【Keywords】Fetal；Subependymalcysts；Ultrasonicexamination；Prognosis第5页共12页室管膜下囊肿是指发生在尾状核头部与丘脑交界处、侧脑室前角旁的室管膜下区域即胚胎生发层基质的囊肿[1]，是一种少见的脑部良性囊肿。由于其囊壁上缺乏上皮细胞，实则为假性囊肿[2]。目前室管膜下囊肿文献报道多见于新生儿，胎儿期的报道相对较少，但随着超声医生对本疾病的认识及超声仪器分辨率的提高，胎儿室管膜下囊肿的诊断率也在不断提高。本研究对产前超声检查发现的42例胎儿室管膜下囊肿声像图特征及预后进行回顾性分析，探讨系统超声对胎儿室管膜下囊肿的诊断价值。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2012年8月～2016年8月在本院做产前超声检查诊断为室管膜下...