智课网IELTS备考资料“目中无词”的雅思阅读境界不看单词还能理解文章吗?理解文章不在于每一个单词都要懂,而在于把握两种东西:方向和关系。把握好这两点,你就会摆脱单词的束缚,达到“目中无词”却能领悟文意的境界。方向是作者在论述一个事物时的基本态度,其重要性远远大于个别词句的理解。例如:Researchstudieslendstrongsupporttotheargumentthattherearebenefitsforfamiliesconsideringachangetoafairerormoreequitabledivisionofthepleasuresandpainsoffamilylife.Greaterequalityintheperformanceoffamilyworkisassociatedwithlowerlevelsoffamilystressandhigherself-esteem,betterhealth,andhighermaritalsatisfactionformothers.Thereisalsohighermaritalsatisfactionforfathers,especiallywhentheytakemoreresponsibilityfortheneedsoftheirchildren–fathersarehappierwhentheyaremoreinvolved(Russell1984).这段话并不长,但是如果让你在30秒钟之内说出主旨是什么,恐怕比登天还难吧!其实不然!请看首句中有一个词benefits是个正向词,紧接着第二句话中lowerlevelsoffamilystress,higher…,betterhealth,higher…satisfaction等都是正向词。第三句话中highersatisfaction,happier等也都是正向词。这说明这段话作者的基本态度是正向的,那么段落主旨就是首句中的benefits,而第二和第三句话就在具体论述有哪些benefits。至于self-esteem,marital等生词不认识都无所谓了,因为本段落中,除了这些正向词之外,其余的单词的存在都是多余的。关系是更为重要的,因为它的存在更加使得单词变得多余。例如:Inbusinessasawhole,thereareanumberoffactorsencouragingtheprospectofgreaterequalityintheworkforce.Demographictrendssuggestthatthenumberofwomengoingintoemploymentissteadilyincreasing.Inadditionafargreaternumberofwomenarenowpassingthroughhighereducation,makingthembetterqualifiedtomoveintomanagementpositions.这段话中,首句anumberoffactorsencouraging…是一个正向词,说明在分析好的因素。第二句number…increasing和第三句highereducation,betterqualified都是正向词,说明在具体论述第一句话中的好的因素。但是,二三句之间的一个Inaddition让我们知道了这两句话之间是一个“递进”关系,那么其前后的方向应该是相同的。所以,当我们看完第二句话之后,发现这个“递进”关系时,后面的内容根本不需要看了。至于prospect和demographictrends即使都是你的生词,又怎能妨碍你抓住段落的主旨——anumberoffactors呢?常见的表示方向的关系有如下几大类:表示前后方向相反:转折关系:but/however/yet,ontheotherhand,despite对比关系:more/less…than…,unlike表示前后方向相同:并列关系:AandB,not…nor…,first,second,third递进关系:moreover,inaddition/additionally/besides,notonly…butalso…那么请大家来做一个练习:ManagerialandexecutiveprogressmadebywomenisconfirmedbytheannualsurveyofboardsofdirectorscarriedoutbyKorn/Ferry/Carre/OrbanInternational.Thisyearthesurveyshowsadoublingofthenumberofwomenservingasnon-executivedirectorscomparedwiththepreviousyear.However,progressremainspainfullyslowandtherewerestillonly18postsfilledbywomenoutofatotalof354non-executivepositionssurveyed.HilarySears,apartnerwithKorn/Ferry,said,‘Womenhaveraisedthelevelofgradesweareemployedinbutwehavestillnotbrokenthroughbarrierstothetop.’上面一段话,完全可以浓缩成以下内容:…progress(+)…doublingofthenumber(+)…However…painfullyslow(-)…raisedthelevelofgrades(+)…but…notbrokenthrough(-)…也就是说,从两次出现“however/but”这种转折关系词来看,这一段话一直采用的是一种“对比”结构,分别论述了妇女找工作的好坏两方面。怎么样,你能否仅仅用30秒钟完成阅读?